动词短语汇总及真题范例
动词与其他一些词构成的起动词作用的短语称为动词短语。有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于及物动词,有的兼有及物和不及物动词的特点。及物动词短语可以接宾语,而不及物动词短语不接宾语便可表达完整的意思。
按动词短语的构成,一般可将动词短语分成以下几类:
(一)动词短语(动词+副词)
可用作及物或不及物动词短语。如果用作及物动词短语应注意宾语位置的不同。
宾语若是名词,可以放在副词后面,也可以放在动词与副词之间。
宾语若是代词,则必须放在副词之前。
如:Put on your coat when you go out.当你出去时,穿上你的外套!(名词作宾语置于副词后)(及物)
Let me think it over.让我仔细考虑一下。(代词作宾语置于副词前)
He looked around and tried to find his bag.他环视四周,想找到他的书包。(不及物)
常见的“动词+副词”型动词短语有:
take off 起飞 set off 出发 fly away 飞走 look out 当心
look around 朝四周看 go down 下来 walk on 继续走 get up 起床 break out 爆发 come in 进来 come back 回来 fall behind 落后
come over 顺便来访
(二)动词短语(动词+介词)
只能用作及物动词短语,无论宾语是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。
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如:He is looking for his new pen.他正在寻找他的新钢笔。 Please listen to your teacher carefully.请认真听老师讲课。
We haven't heard from him for a long time.我们很久没有收到他的来信了。 常见的“动词+介词”型动词短语有:
look after 照顾
look over 检查(病......) look through 仔细查阅 run through 浏览
agree to 同意(某事) agree with 同意(某人) deal with 处理、对付 hear of 听说 put off 推迟 breathe in 吸入 get in 收割
prepare for 为......准备 prevent from 阻止、防止
(三)动词短语(动词+副词+介词)
用作及物动词短语,宾语要置于介词之后。
如:How can you put up with a man like him?你怎么能忍受像他这样的人? He runs fast and we can't catch up with him.他跑得很快,我们追不上他。 He gets on well with his classmates.他与同学们相处融洽。 常见的“动词+副词+介词”型动词短语有: pass on to 把......传递给...... go ahead with 继续进行 catch up with 超上
do well in 在......方面做得好 come over to 顺便来访 go in for 爱好
look down upon 瞧不起 look forward to 盼望 go on with 和......相处
(四)动词短语(动词+名词+介词) 用作及物动词短语,宾语置于介词之后。
如:All of us will take part in the meeting.我们所有的人都将参加会议。 Pay attention to your spoken English.注意一下你的英语口语。
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Would you like to have a word with me?你愿意和我说说话吗? 常见的“动词+名词+介词”型动词短语有: take care of 照顾 take part in 参加
make fun of 开......的玩笑 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意
make friends with 和......交朋友 have need of=be in need of 需要 make sentences with 用......造句 have faith in 相信 take hold of 抓住 catch hold of 抓住 take the place of 代替 get rid of 去掉、废除
(五)短语(be+形容词+介词)
用作及物动词短语,宾语置于介词之后。 如:They were afraid of you.他们怕你。
The students are all ready for the exam.学生们都为考试准备好了。 常见的“be+形容词+介词”型动词短语有: be fond of 喜欢 be afraid of 害怕
be famous for 以......出名
be sure about/of 对......有把握 be good at 擅长于...... be good for 对......有好处 be good to 对......友好
be ready for 为......做好准备 be active in 在......方面积极 be proud of 以......为豪 (六)动词短语(动词+名词) 用作不及物动词短语。
如:A woman kept watch at the gate.一位妇女在大门口值班。 常见的“动词+名词”型动词短语有: take aim瞄准 take place发生 lose heart灰心 keep watch值班
下面是考察“动词”的部分中考真题:
问:The football te.am played well, but they didn't ____ the competition.(天津中考)
A. score B. do C. succeed D. win 答:D
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解析:句意:这支足球队踢得很好,但是他们没能赢得比赛。win获胜,赢;score得分;do做;succeed获得成功。根据题意可知D正确。
问:Sorry,but I didn't hear the question you asked. Could you please____it?
A. answer B. repeat C. say D. understand 答:B
解析:句意:对不起,我没有听清你刚才问的问题。请问你能重复一遍吗?选项answer意思是“回答”;say意思是“说”;understand意思是“理解”;repeat意思是“重复”。只有repeat符合题意,故选择B。
问:They had to____the 800-meter race because of the bad weather.(重庆中考)
A. put on B. put off C. get on D. get up 答:B
解析:句意:由于天气不好,他们不得不推迟800米比赛。put on穿上,戴上;put off推迟;get on上车;get up起床。根据题干后半句的句意,B为最佳答案。
问:This silk dress____so smooth. It's made in China.(河北中考) A. tastes B. smells C. sounds D. feels 答:D
解析:句意:这件丝制的裙子摸起来很光滑,它是中国制作的。四个选项都是系动词,taste品尝起来;smell闻起来;sound听起来;feel摸起来,感觉起来,感觉。由主语可知D为最佳答案。
问:Mike didn't get wet because his teacher____him an umbrella.(广东中考)
A. lent B. discovered C. borrowed D. taught 答:A
解析:句意:因为老师借给迈克一把伞,所以他没有淋湿。borrow sth.from sb.向某人借某物;lend sth. to sb./lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人。根据题意,选项B、C和D均不符合。故选A。
问:Don't____others.Sometimes you make mistakes, too.(广东中考) A. knock at B. laugh at C. look at D. arrive at 答:B
解析:句意:别嘲笑别人,有时你也会犯错误。knock at敲(门、窗等);laugh at嘲笑;look at看;arrive at到达。根据题意可知B项最佳。 问:It’s a good habit____walk after dinner.(山东中考) A. to come B. to be C. to take D. to go 答:C
解析:句意:晚餐后出去散步是个很好的习惯。take a walk去散步,常用词组,go for a walk也有此意。没有come/be a walk的用法,故选C。
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问:We also learn how to____well with others at school.(山东中考) A. get to B. get on C. get down D. get up 答:B
解析:句意:我们在学校也学习怎样和别人相处融洽。get to到达;get on上率;get on...with.与……相处……;get down下来,落下;get up起床。get on well with sb.与某人相处融洽。故选B。
问:Don't____your hope and try again.(山东中考) A. give up B. look up
C. cheer up D. wake up 答:A
解析:句意:不要放弃希望,再试试吧。Give up放弃;look up查询;cheer up鼓励,使振作;wake up唤醒。根据句意,可知选A项。
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