WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑
北京林业大学2006--2007学年第二学期考试试卷（A卷）
试卷名称: 普通语言学 课程所在院系: 外语学院 考试班级: 英04级
I. For each question, there are four choices of answers. In some cases, only one choice is correct while in others there may be two or three correct ones. Choose ALL the correct ones. (25 points)
1. Which of the following theories takes as the origin of language the instinctive sounds of pain, anger and joy? A. the bow-wow theory B. the pooh-pooh theory C. the “yo-he-ho” theory D. the Winnie-the-Pooh theory
2. Which of the following are among Halliday’s theory of metafunctions of language? A. ideational B. relational C. interpersonal D. textual 3. The distinction between langue and parole was put forward by _____. A. Bloomfield B. de Saussure C. Chomsky D. Halliday 4. Which of the following is a vowel? A. [p] B. [f] C. [?] D. [m] 5. Which of the following is the correct description of [f]?
A. voiceless labiodental fricative B. voiced labiodental fricative C. voiceless labiodental stop D. voiced labiodental stop 6. Which of the following vowels is CV8? A. [a] B. [e] C. [u] D. [i] 7. Which of the following words are likely to have stress in sentences? A. on B. wonderful C. fire D. right 8. _____ advocated treating the word as “the minimum free form”. A. Leonard Bloomfield B. Noam Chomsky C. John Lyons D. M A K Halliday 9. Which of the following word classes are open classes? A. conjunction B. determiner C. adverb D. verb 10. Which of the following are suffixes? A. un B. tion C. ness D. er 11. Number and gender are mostly categories of the _____. A. interjection B. noun C. preposition D. pronoun 12. “Concord” has the same meaning as _____. A. perfective B. progressive C. agreement D. government 13. Which of the following meanings are the terms of Geoffrey Leech? A. conceptual meaning B. social meaning C. lexical meaning D. thematic meaning 14. Synonymy is the technical term for the _____ relation. A. oppositeness B. complementary C. gradable D. sameness
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15. Which of the following are converse antonyms? A. clever : stupid B. husband : wife C. give : receive D. teacher : employee
16. Which of the following are correct readings of “CAUSE (x, (BECOME (y, (~ALIVE (y)))))”?
A. x causes y to become not alive. B. x causes y to become alive. C. x causes y to become not dead. D. x causes y to become dead.
17. Which of the following meanings are the foci of pragmatics? A. Lexical meaning B. Propositional meaning C. Utterance meaning D. Contextual meaning 18. Which of the following lines rhyme?
A. Be your wounds like eyes / To weep for the dead, the dead.
B. It was winter such as when birds die / In the deep forests; and the fishes lie C. Stiffened in the translucent ice, which makes / Even the mud and slime of the warm lakes
D. Gather about great fires, and yet feel cold: / Alas, then, for the homeless beggar old!
19. Which of the following lines are in the form of iambic pentametres?
A. Her eye are wild, her head is are, / The sun has burnt her coal-black hair, B. When lovely woman stoops to folly, / And finds too late that men betray,
C. For saints have hands that pilgrim’s hands do touch, / And palm to palm is holy palmer’s kiss.
D. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, / And summer's lease hath all too short a date.
20. Which of these writers wrote in the form of ‘stream of consciousness’? A. William Faulkner B. James Joyce C. Charles Dickens D. Virginia Woolf
21. The ‘variationist perspective’ is a way to investigate language by studying how language is used in _____. A. social interaction B. religious beliefs C. ethnic identity D. different situations 22. Which of the following are more likely to be used by women? A. ‘fancy’ color terms B. strong curse words C. tag questions D. less direct expressions
23. Which of the following are related to the recent developments of CALL? A. Multimedia B. Hypermedia C. The internet D. The language lab
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24. Which of the following statements are true of machine translation today?
A. All current commercial and operational systems produce output which must be edited or revised if it is to be of published quality.
B. They provide dictionary-based, word-for-word translation, with low-quality results.
C. MT works best in domain-specific and controlled environments.
D. Currently the state of machine translation is such that it involves some human intervention, as it requires a pre-editing and a post-editing phase. 25. What does ‘mouse potato’ mean? A. a mouse pad B. a mouse shaped like a potato C. a potato as food for the mouse D. a computer addict
II. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). (15 points) 1. Latin has fewer morphological changes than English.
2. For sounds to be allophones of the same phoneme they must be complementarily distributed and must have phonetic similarity. 3. A closed syllable is one without a coda. 4. “Tofu” is a direct borrowing from Chinese. 5. The consonant [x] existed in Old English.
6. Today we normally say that English has three tenses: present, past and future. 7. In logical symbols, ? means “all” and ? means “some”. 8. Every word has a sense just as every word has a reference.
9. Conversational implicature is a kind of implied meaning, deduced on the basis of the conventional meaning of words together with the context, under the guidance of the CP and its maxims.
10. The first meaning for a word that a dictionary definition gives is usually its figurative meaning.
11. Similes and metaphors are different in that a metaphor makes a comparison between two unlike elements.
12. ‘Shit, you’ve put the peanut butter in the refrigerator again.’ This is mostly likely to be said by a woman.
13. When Mr. Goodell said ‘I’ve had enough dumbbells in my office’, he meant he had some stupid guys in his office.
14. The difference between CAL and CALL is that the former deals with the teaching and learning of language in particular.
15. All of the following emoticons have to do with smiling or laughter: A. :-) B. :-O C. |-D D. {}
III. Define the following terms. (20 points) 1. approximant
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2. lexical words
3. the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 4. synecdoche
IV. Answer TWO of the following questions. (40 points) 1. What is ‘assimilation’?
2. What is the ‘Cooperative Principle’? 3. What is ‘interlanguage’?
4. Write an analysis of the following extracts from Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. ROMEO: If I profane with my unworthiest hand
This holy shrine, the gentle fine is this: My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss.
JULIET: Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much,
Which mannerly devotion shows in this;
For saints have hands that pilgrim’s hands do touch, And palm to palm is holy palmer’s kiss.
ROMEO: Have not saints lips, and holy palmers too? JULIET: Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer. ROMEO: O, then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do;
They pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair.
JULIET: Saints do not move, though grant for prayer’s sake. ROMEO: Then move not, while my prayer’s effect I take.
5. Discuss the following remarks made by Richard Hudson in his ‘Preface to the Second Edition’ of Sociolinguistics (1996):
In 1979 even sociolinguists wrote sentences like the following (from page 5 of the first edition): ‘The difference between sociolinguistics and the sociology of language is very much one of emphasis, according to whether the investigator is more interested in language or society, and also according to whether he [!] has more skill in analysing linguistic or social structure.’ How times have changed. I now believe firmly that every such sentence reinforces the assumption that the prototypical person is a man, so I have tried to ensure that my text is now completely bias-free. (Note: the first edition of Sociolinguistics was published by Cambridge University Press in 1980)
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