环保类阅读模拟训练（一）
Over the past 40 years, land subsidence (地面沉降) has caused Cangzhou, Hebei province, to sink by as much as 2.4 meters. There are natural causes for land subsidence, but such a great change is mainly the result of human activities. In the north of China, using too much groundwater is the main reason.
Land subsidence can lead to many problems, like breaks in pipelines (管道) and lakes drying up, and may have a bad influence on the safety of subways, high-speed railway lines and buildings in cities. If the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is to run safely at 380 km per hour, railway foundations (地基) cannot be allowed to sink by more than 5 mm in 100 years.
The South-North Water Diversion Project (南水北调工程) started nearly 10 years ago to deal with the water shortage problem in the north of China. Now, however, the project itself is influenced by land subsidence. The key to solving the problem is to save water. It is important for the north of China that this area starts to develop water-saving agriculture and close some factories. Beijing announced in 2007 that within five years it would stop some water-consuming projects such as golf courses and bath centers.
Saving water, gas and oil in daily life are things that all of us can do to help stop land subsidence.
1. What’s the main reason for land subsidence in the north of China? A. Natural disasters. B. Overuse of groundwater. C. A large population. D. Using too much land.
2. Land subsidence can cause the following problems EXCEPT ______. A. lakes may dry up B. pipelines may break up
C. the South will be short of water D. high-speed railway may not be safe 3. According to what Beijing announced in2007, we learn that ______. A. there are no bath centers in Beijing B. Beijing now is badly short of water
C. China will stop the South-North Water Diversion Project D. Beijing began to take steps to stop land subsidence 4.The purpose of the article is to _____. A. call on people to save natural resources
B. explain why Cangzhou, Hebei, sank so much C. remind people to be careful with land subsidence
D. predict the serious damages of land subsidencePassage
2 China released its timetable for replacing incandescent (白炽的) light bulbs on November 4, 2011. Imports (进口) and sales of 100-watt (瓦特) or higher incandescent light bulbs was not allowed from October 1, 2012. Following this, imports and sales of lower watt bulbs will also be stopped. If everything goes well, there will be no incandescent light bulbs in China by October 2016.
The plan is part of an attempt by the Chinese government to improve lighting efficiency and cut down greenhouse gases. It’s said that lighting takes 19 percent of electricity use worldwide. However, this number could drop to 7 percent if the rest of the world followed China’s example. Only 30 percent of the energy used by an
incandescent bulb is turned into light. The other 70 percent is wasted as heat. China is not the first country to do this. Australia, Japan, the US and several other countries have all done the same. However, it is much more important in China because the country is the world’s largest producer of incandescent bulbs. The country produces 3.85 billion incandescent bulbs every year, about 70 percent of the world’s supply. About 1 billion are sold in the country.
It is hoped that China’s plan will encourage companies to produce more energy-efficient bulbs, such as CFLs (节能灯) and LEDs. CFLs use about 75 percent less energy to produce the same amount of light as do incandescent bulbs, and they last much longer.
“It’s a global trend (趋势) to make energy more efficient,” said Wang Jinsui, in an interview with China Daily. “Because of China’s huge production of incandescent light bulbs, we need time to reduce and finally stop production and use of the lights.” 1.China made the public know the schedule of replacing incandescent light bulbs ______.
A. on November 4, 2011 B. on October 1, 2012 C. in October, 2016 D. on October 1, 2011 2. Why did China stop the imports of incandescent bulbs? A. Because incandescent bulbs are not used worldwide. B. Because it’s too expensive to import incandescent bulbs. C. Because the producers can’t produce enough light bulbs. D. Because much energy used by incandescent bulbs is wasted.
3. “Energy-efficient bulbs” in Paragraph 4 refer to those bulbs that are _____. A. energy-wasting but bright B. energy-saving and bright C. energy-wasting and not bright D. energy-saving but not bright 4. According to the article, which of the following is TRUE? A. Lighting takes 7 percent of electricity use worldwide.
B. The US is the world's largest producer of incandescent bulbs. C. CFLs use less energy to produce light than incandescent bulbs. D. China has stopped production and use of the incandescent bulbs.
Passage 3 Extreme weather, rising sea levels, and ladybugs (瓢虫) that change color? We all know that global warming is having a great influence on the Earth. But latest research has found some more surprising effects of climate change.
Scientist Paul Brakefield and his group members from the University of Cambridge in the UK have been studying ladybugs for tens of years. Thirty years ago, they found more black ladybugs with red dots (点) near the coast of the Netherlands than 40 kilometers inland. Ladybugs need darker colors
Passage 4Water pollution happens when waste things from many areas are thrown into rivers, lakes and seas. Agriculture (农业)
To increase the amount of food produced, farmers use large amounts of chemicals. The chemicals not used by the plants are washed by the rainwater into rivers, lakes and seas, which pollute both surface water and underground water. Industry (工业)
Factories and industries often release (释放) poisonous chemicals into seas, rivers or lakes, which is quite bad for Mother Nature. An example of industrial sea pollution happened in Japan in the 1950s. A local factory had poured waste water, which had mercury (水银), into the Minamata Bay for 20 years. Tuna fish (金枪鱼) in the bay took in the mercury and people ate the tuna. Many children were born with birth deformities (畸形), people lost their hearing and sight, and thousands of people died in the end. Sea transportation
When ships transporting oil get damaged on the way, oil spillage (溢出) happens. One major disaster was the Exxon Valdez oil spill. An oil tanker (油舱) sank off Alaska in 1989 and leaked (泄漏) oil into the ocean. To save cost, some ships also poured unwanted oil from their engine rooms into the sea, thus polluting the oceans. Domestic (家庭的) activities
If waste products from the washing of clothes and dishes are not treated and poured into the sea, they will do damage to the sea life. Some diseases may also spread. Sometimes, rubbish is dumped into the sea. Fish often die due to nets. 1. Farmers use large amounts of chemicals to______. A. produce more food B. save planting cost C. save more water D. plant more crops
2. From the example in Paragraph 3, we learn that ______. A. factories and industries should be closed in Japan B. water pollution can do great harm to people’s health C. eating tuna fish is sometimes a great danger D. water pollution is a serious problem in Japan
3. According to the article, which of the following is TRUE? A. Oil spillage is the main reason for water pollution.
B. Domestic activities can hardly ever cause sea pollution. C. Eating fishing nets can cause fish to die.
D. Water pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. 4. What is the main idea of the article?
A. Industrialization pollutes water. B. Agriculture pollutes water. C. Reasons water is polluted. D. What pollution is. Passage 5
A whole school can take part in a recycling program and can set up an area where everyone can drop off things recyclable, such as some bottles and cans. Ink cartridges (墨水盒) are another thing that can be recycled, while school teachers should look at how computers and related electronic equipment are disposed of (处理). Often, these are thrown away, which can be very harmful for the environment. In computers there are many parts which has poisonous chemicals. Schools should recycle old equipment or find somewhere that can use it again.
Simply the way in which people within a school consume everyday things can have an effect on the environment. Classes can save on paper by always remembering to write on both sides of each sheet; students should continue to use exercise books until each is complete, and teachers can put aside some paper, such as unneeded worksheets, for use later rather than waste it. Teachers and office workers should try
to print less, and try to send e-mails as a form of communication to reduce the amount of paper used if possible.
Parents should consider how they take their kids to school, since using the car unnecessarily leads to the air pollution. Kids should be encouraged to ride bikes or walk to school if possible, or parents could offer lifts to other children in the neighborhood to save on journeys.
1. According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is TRUE? A. Teachers have difficulty taking part in the program. B. Bottles and cans are not trash.
C. Ink cartridges are thrown into a trashcan. D. Old equipment should be used again.
2. Why should computers and related electronic equipment be recycled? A. Because they are a waste of money. B. Because they can be used secondhand.
C. Because many parts of them are bad for the environment. D. Because they are useful for people who have no computers. 3. What does the underlined word “consume”in Paragraph 2 mean? A. use B. sellC. borrow D. lend
4. What does the writer want to tell us with this article? A. Schools should take part in recycling programs. B. People should save paper as much as they can. C. Parents should encourage kids to walk to school.
D. Everyone should try his/her best to protect the environment.参考答案及解析Passage 1【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地面沉降出现的原因、危害及解决办法。1. B。细节理解题。根据第1段最后一句In the north of China, using too much groundwater is the main reason.可知，答案选B。2. C。细节理解题。Ａ、Ｂ、Ｄ三项可在第2-3段找到依据；Ｃ项不是后果，故选Ｃ。3. D。推理判断题。根据第4段中Beijing announced in 2007 that within five years it would stop some water-consuming projects such as golf courses and bath centers.可知，答案选D。4. A。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文的目的是要让读者对地面沉降引起重视，不要浪费自然资源，故选A。Passage 2【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了中国禁止进口和使用白炽灯的计划及原因。1. A。细节理解题。根据第1段China released its timetable for replacing incandescent light bulbs on November 4, 2011.可知，答案选A。2. D。推理判断题。根据第2段最后两句Only 30 percent... is wasted as heat.可知，答案选D。3. B。猜测词义题。根据本句句意及下句的能耗比较可得知，这些灯泡是指既节省能源，发光又不受影响的灯泡，故选B。4. C。细节理解题。根据倒数第2段最后一句CFLs use about 75 percent... they last much longer.可知，答案选C。Passage 3【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家的一些新发现：瓢虫颜色的变化与气候变化有一定的关系。1. A。细节理解题。根据第2段第2句Thirty years ago... the Netherlands than 40 kilometers inland.可知，答案选A。2. B。细节理解题。根据第2段最后一句Ladybugs need darker colors to stay warm in cooler inland areas...可知，答案选B。3. D。细节理解题。根据第3段最后一句They believe the reason is the warmer climate and fewer sunny days…可知，答案选D。4. C。推理判断题。根据最后一段提到“需要进一步的数据来确
