D. By forcing them to live near humans 答案：BC
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解析：（2’29”）定位句：These extreme shifts would have put a lot of stress on the bodies of animals that were used to a more moderate range of temperatures.
（3’21”）定位句：And as a result, uh, so the theory goes, the Ice Age animals that depended on plant diversity couldn't survive.
原因有两个，第一个用虚拟语气来提示，第二个用的是as a result，都是非常重要的提示词，说的是一个是动物需要适应的温度范围扩大了，另一个是植物的多样性减少了，是一部分动物翘了，选择BC
27. What does the professor imply is one problem with the climate change theory? A. Many large animals actually benefitted from the climate change B. Large animals had survived previous climate changes
C. Large animals were probably already near extinction before the climate changed.
D. New evidence suggests that the climate change was not as extreme as scientists once believed 答案：B
解析：（3’35”）定位句：Again, we have what at first seems like a pretty attractive theory, but then, how do you explain the fact that this has happened before? You know, global cooling followed by global warming, and there was no extinction then.
其实本来不需要这么多句，但是出现答案的前一句提示词颇多，我就把它也放上来了。Again之后其实大家就该警醒了，然后but then这种转折就更应该引起注意，并且这句还是问句，问答是考点的。教授的质疑就是全球变冷之后，就是全球变暖，为什么变冷的时候没有多少物种灭绝呢？所以基本上就选B了
28. The professor mentions a series of computer simulations. What did the simulations suggest? Click on 2 answers
A. The killing of only a few mammoths could lead to a significant reduction in the mammoth population.
B. Many mammoths died as the result of an extended drought.
C. Female mammoths were less able than male mammoths to adapt to climate change D. Both hunting and climate change contributed to the extinction of the mammoths 答案：AD
解析：（4’15”）定位句：One thing he found was that humans didn't necessarily have to kill these animals in great numbers in order to nudge them toward extinction.
（4’48”）定位句：So it seems the mixture of hunting and climate change is a likely scenario. 两个原因都有很明显的标志词，所以一个就是不用杀死很多大型动物它们也会灭绝，另一个是环境和人为综合作用，选择AD
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Lecture 4
29. What is the lecture mainly about?
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A. Conclusions about the surface of Venus drawn from recent observations B. The different types of volcanoes that have been found on Venus C. Similarities between geologic processes on Venus and on other planets D. New methods used to observe the surface of Venus 答案：A
解析：没有找到明显的定位句，需要把握开头和全文。基本上是教授在开头就引出了很多问题，然后说我们在过去的几年里学过这些了，但是又开始说，基本上是对最近的Venus的制图的总结，选择A
30. How were scientists able to learn new information about Venus' surface? Click on 2 answers A. More powerful telescopes allowed astronomers to see more surface details B. Satellites were used to get radar images of Venus' surface. C. Space modules sent photographs after landing on Venus. D. A space probe was able to locate gaps among Venus' clouds 答案：BC
解析：（31”）定位句：First of all, let me talk about how we have been able to get past those clouds. First, there were Soviet modules that landed directly on the surface and sent back some images of what was around them. Second, we did some radar imaging from satellites from above
教授先说，让我说说我们怎么穿过那些云的，第一是直接落在表面，然后传回一些图像显示有什么东西在他们的周围，第二，一些雷达从卫星上获得，所以选择BC
31. What differences between volcanoes on Venus and those on Earth does the professor mention? Click on 2 answers
A. Volcanoes on Venus are mostly shield volcanoes B. Volcanoes on Venus emit thicker lava
C. Many volcanoes on Earth are concentrated in specific zones. D. Many volcanoes on Earth show no volcanic activity 答案：AC
解析：（2’12”）定位句：But what's particularly interesting about these volcanoes is that most of the volcanoes here on Earth are not shield volcanoes. Instead, they are other volcano types, like strata volcanoes, for example, which are a result of tectonic plate movement
这句话之前，有一个大停顿，之后来了个But！说Venus上几乎都是这种shield volcanoes。选择A！Instead又紧接其后，说地球可不是这样，地球上的火山都是因为地壳运动形成的。其实这里如果听懂了地壳运动就可以做题了，但是如果不幸你不懂，就接着往下听一句，教授解释了一下，也无障碍了。C也选出来了。
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32. Why does the professor mention the fact that Venus has no surface water? A. To give an example of a discovery that was unexpected B. To illustrate the consequences of intense volcanic activity C. To question a theory about the origin of shield volcanoes
D. To suggest an explanation for why Venus does not have moving tectonic plates 答案：D
解析：（3’20”）定位句：So why doesn't Venus have them? Well, there are a few theories. Venus表面没有水是在这个问题之后说的，显然是解释这个问题用的。问答是考点，没啥可说的，选择D
33. According to the professor, what is a possible origin of Venus' clouds? A. Gases released as a result of volcanic activity
B. Chemical reactions caused by high surface temperatures C. Bursts of radio energy from the plane's surface D. Strong winds that blow dust into the atmosphere 答案：A
解析：（4’36”）定位句：It's quite possible that this is due to volcanic eruptions, because volcanic eruptions often emit gases.
全是因果词，提示词。说这很有可能是因为火山的爆发从而释放气体，从而形成了云，选A
34. What is the professor’s opinion about the theory that Venus' volcanoes are active? A. The theory has recently been proved by direct observation B. At least two kinds of evidence support the theory C. The data collected so far about the theory are contradictory D. New findings have made the theory quite unlikely. 答案：B
解析：（5’02”）定位句：So this too suggests ongoing volcanic activity. But although this is intriguing evidence, no one's actually observed a Venus volcano erupting yet, so we can't be positive. 教授说，这也证明了金星的火山是活跃的，但是没啥直接的证据，也没人真的看到火山爆发。显然教授是对这两个theory持怀疑态度的，但是至少有两个证据证明，所以选B
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