Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.
◆短语归纳
1. on time 准时,按时 3. in class 在课上 5. have to 不得不 7. go out 外出 9. make breakfast 做早饭 13. play with sb. 和某人一起玩 15. have fun 玩得高兴
2. listen to … 听?? 4. be late for 做??迟到 6. be quiet 安静
8. do the dishes 清洗餐具 10. make (one’s) bed 铺床 14. play the piano 弹钢琴 16. make rules 制订规则
11. be noisy 吵闹 12. keep one’s hair short 留短发
17. on school nights 在上学的晚上 18. school rules 校规
19. no talking 禁止交谈 20. listen to music 听音乐21. take my dog for a walk 带狗去散步 22. eat outside 在外面吃饭 23. in the hallway 在走廊上 24. wear a uniform 穿制服 25. arrive late for class 上学迟到 26. after school 放学后
27. be in bed 在床上 28. practice the guitar 练习弹吉他 29. in the cafeteria 在自助食堂里 30 meet my friends 和我朋友见面 31. by ten o'clock.十点之前 32. the Children's Palace 少年宫 33. help my mom make dinner 帮助我妈做饭
◆用法集萃
1. Don’t + 动词原形+其他,
2. help sb. (to) do sth. 5. be strict with sb.
6. be strict in sth.
不要做某事。 帮助某人做某事
3. too many + 可数名词复数 太多的?? 4. practice doing sth. 练习做某事
7. leave sth sp. 8. keep + 宾语+形容词 9. learn to do sth.
10. have to do sth.
对某人要求严格 对某事要要求严格 把某物忘在某地 使??保持某种状态
学会做某事 不得不做某事
三. 重难点解析:
1. 情态动词have to 的用法,意思是\必须、不得不\,它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。
(1)结构:主语+have to+动词原形+其他 (一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时,用has to;句子是过去时,用had to.)
如: We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在体育课上,我们必须穿运动鞋。
Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。
I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一,我不得不早上5点起床。 (2)否定形式:主语+don't have to+动词原形+其他 (一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时,用doesn't have to. 句子是过去时,用didn't have to) 如:Nick doesn't have to wear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。
We didn't have to do our homework at once. 我们不必马上完成作业。 疑问句:Do (Does或Did)+主语+have to +动词原形+其他
如:Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗? Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 是的,我必须。不,我不必。
Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night? 昨晚,他不得不11点前上床睡觉吗? 区别:
1. have to / must
1) have to“必须,不得不”,表示客观需要,即受客观条件限制不得不或必须去做某事。 2) must表示说话人的主观看法,必须。
3) must只用于现在时,在表示过去、将来和完成时,用have to 的相应形式来代替must.
My mother is ill, I have to look after my sister at home. 我妈妈病了,我必须在家照看我妹妹。 You must be careful. 你一定要小心。
2. 情态动词can的用法
(1)表示能力,\会\能\(在第一册中已经学习这种用法) Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉它吗?
Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂会说一点中文。 I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。
(2)表示允许、许可,\可以\、\能\(在这一课中新学的词义) Can the students run in the hallways? 学生们可以在走廊上跑吗?
We can eat outside. 我们可以在外面吃东西。Can I come in? 我能进来吗? 注意 同样是情态动词,can 和have to 的用法是有区别的,和大部分情态动词一样,can在否定句中,直接在can后加上not,在疑问句中,把can放到主语前面,并且没有人称和数的变化。
3. hear,listen和sound都有\听\的意思,但三者是有区别的。 (1)hear\听说\,侧重于\听\的内容
I'm sorry to hear that you are ill. 听说你生病了,我很难过。
I never heard such an interesting story. 我从来没听过这么有趣的一个故事。 (2)listen\听\侧重于\听\这一动作。Listen to me carefully. 认真听说。 The children like to listen to music. 孩子们喜欢听音乐。
(3)sound\听起来\,它是系动词,后面接形容词等。That sounds great. 那听起来真不错。 It sounds like fun. 听起来挺有趣。 4.
(1) be in bed \在床上、卧床\和bed之间不能用冠词,bed也不用复数。 He is in bed for 10 years. 他卧床10年了。
Dave has to be in bed early every night.大卫每晚必须很早睡觉。 (2)by + 时间:在??之前 by Monday 在星期一之前
by + 交通工具:乘某种交通工具 by the way顺便问(说)一下
5. arrive late for 与be late for 意思相近,\迟到\(be)
late for school. 上学别迟到。I arrived (was)late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天开会迟到了。
6. No talking ! \禁止交谈!\no后面加上名词或动名词(doing)也表示不要做某事。与don't +do的用法相似。
No wet umbrellas! / Don't put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放湿雨伞! No food! Don't eat food here! 禁止吃食物!No smoking! Don't smoke here! 禁止吸烟!
7.语法(祈使句) 祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子,这类句子的主语常是第二人称you,也就是听话者,因而you常省去了。祈使句的开头是动词原形。 如:Look out! 小心!Wait here for me! 在这等我! Be sure to come here on time! 务必准时来到这里!
祈使句的否定形式多以do not(常缩写成don't)开头,再加上动词原形。 Don't arrive late for school. 上学别迟到。 Don't fight! 别打架! Don't look out of the window. 不要向窗外看 8. too much / too many / much too
too much“太多”,修饰不可数名词。 too much water太多水 too many“太多”,修饰可数名词复数。 too many children太多孩子 much too“太”,修饰形容词或副词。 much too small太小
◆典句必背
1. Don’t arrive late for class. 上课不要迟到。
2. Can we bring music players to school? 我们可以带音乐播放器到学校吗? 3. And we always have to wear the school uniform. 并且我们总是不得不穿校服。 4. There are too many rules! 有太多的规则!
5. Don’t leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen! 不要把脏盘子留在厨房里! 6. I have to keep my hair short. 我不得不留短发。 ◆话题写作 Dear Tom,
Thanks for your last letter. You want to know the rules in our school. Now let me tell you about them.
We can’t arrive late for class. We can’t talk loudly in class. We should keep quiet. When we meet our teachers on our way, we should say hello to them. We can’t eat or drink in class, and we can’t listen to music or play games in class.
I think we have too many rules. What about yours? Please write and tell me.
Yours,
Li Ming

