湖南工业大学专科毕业设计（论文）
摘 要
随着科学技术的日新月异，我们的生活发生了巨大的变化。一个智能化、自动化的社会已经开始呈现于我们的眼前，这为我们提供了非常多的便利。其中自动门就是自动化进程中的一个典型代表，此设计就是运用所学的知识，结合实际需要而进行研究的。
为了增强自动门运行的可靠性,提出了一种以S7-200可编程序控制器(PLC)为核心的自动门控制系统。分析了该控制系统的工作原理,描述了系统的硬件组成,介绍了人体感应探测、自动门运行位置检测、门运行障碍检测等控制电路的工作过程,对PLC的选型及I/O点的确定进行了说明。结合PLC的运行特点,对控制系统的工作流程作了合理的优化。在此基础上,采用结构化的编程方法,给出了主程序模块、开门子程序模块、关门子程序模块的程序流程图。系统已通过硬件和软件调试,在实际中获得了应用。应用结果表明,整个系统功能完善,性能可靠。
关键词：可编程控制器； S7-200； 自动门； 控制系统
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湖南工业大学专科毕业设计（论文）
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of science and technology, our lives changed greatly. An intelligent and automation has began to appear in our view, this gives us great convenience. In the process of automatic door is of a typical automation, this design is the use of knowledge, and combining with actual need and research.
To strengthen the reliability of the operation, a S7 -200（PLC) as the core of the automatic control system. Analyzed the control system works, a description of a hardware system, introduced the body automatically detect and respond to the operation position of the inspection and operation of the inspection and control circuit to the work of the process, the plc and of course I would like to confirm the order. It was introduced how to choose a PLC type, to really settle the I/O orders. Combining the operation characteristics of programmable controller, a reasonable optimization was made for the work flow of the system. On this basis, using structured programming method, the program flow charts of main program module and opening door subroutine module and closing door subroutine module were developed. The debugging of the control system was developed and the control system has been adopted. The practical application shows that the control system is good and reliable.
Keywords: programmable logic controller(PLC)； S7-200； automatic door； Control system
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湖南工业大学专科毕业设计（论文）
目 录
摘 要 .............................................................................................................................................. I ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................... II 前言 .................................................................................................................................................. 1 第一章 绪论 ................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 研究背景与研究意义 ....................................................................................................... 2 1.2 自动门的简介 .................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 自动门的组成及分类 ........................................................................................................ 4
1.3.1 自动门的组成 ....................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 自动门的分类 ....................................................................................................... 4 1.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................................ 5 第二章 PLC的介绍及选择 .......................................................................................................... 6
2.1 PLC的简介 ....................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 PLC的主要功能及特点 ................................................................................................... 7
2.2.1 PLC的主要功能 .................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 PLC的特点 ............................................................................................................ 7 2.3 PLC的组成与基本结构 ................................................................................................... 8
2.3.1 PLC的硬件系统 .................................................................................................... 8 2.4 PLC的工作原理 ............................................................................................................... 8 2.4 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................... 9 第三章 自动门的执行机构的设计 ............................................................................................. 10
3.1 稳压电源设计 ................................................................................................................. 10 3.2 无刷直流电机的应用 ..................................................................................................... 11 3.3 本章小结 ......................................................................................................................... 13 第四章 自动门的硬件设计 ......................................................................................................... 14
4.1 自动感应门的基本工作原理 ......................................................................................... 14 4.2 限位开关的工作原理 ..................................................................................................... 15 4.3 光电开关的工作原理 ..................................................................................................... 15 4.4 无刷直流电动机的工作原理 ......................................................................................... 15 4.5 PLC的选择 ..................................................................................................................... 16
4.5.1 输入输出（I/O）点数的估算 ............................................................................. 16 4.5.2 存储器容量的选择 .............................................................................................. 16 4.5.3 控制功能的选择 .................................................................................................. 16 4.5.4 机型的选择 .......................................................................................................... 17 4.5.5 对PLC响应时间的选择 .................................................................................... 17 4.6 自动门的硬件部分 ......................................................................................................... 18
4.6.1 驱动装置选型 ...................................................................................................... 19 4.6.2 感应器选型 .......................................................................................................... 19 4.6.3 自动门系统I/O地址的分配情况 ....................................................................... 20 4.7 本章小结 ......................................................................................................................... 21 第五章 自动门的软件系统 ......................................................................................................... 22
5.1 控制系统流程设计 ......................................................................................................... 22
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湖南工业大学专科毕业设计（论文）
5.3 MCGS组态控制设计 ..................................................................................................... 23
5.3.1 自动门组态控制对象分析: ................................................................................. 23 5.3.2 自动门监控系统初方案指定 .............................................................................. 23 5.3.2 自动门组态控制实时数据 .................................................................................. 24 5.4 PLC梯形图的设计 ......................................................................................................... 24
5.4.1 梯形图编辑注意事项 .......................................................................................... 24 5.4.2 梯形图以及指令 ................................................................................................... 25 5.4.3 过程分析 ............................................................................................................... 26 5.5 本章小结 ......................................................................................................................... 27 结 论 .............................................................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。 参考文献......................................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 致 谢 ............................................................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。 附录A：自动门硬件电路图 .......................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 附录B：自动门MCGS组态监控图及脚本程序 ............................................ 错误！未定义书签。 自动门MCGS组态监控画面 ........................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 自动门组态控制脚本程序： ......................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
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