冠词
一、不定冠词
1. 不定冠词a和an,一般用来修饰单数可数名词。
a用在发音以辅音音素的名词之前, an则用在发音以元音音素的名词之前。 如:a student,an orange。 注意:
1)以元音字母U字母开头的词:
an umbrella/ unhappy family/ unusual child a useful book/ university/ UFO/ uniform 2)以辅音字母H字母开头的词: An honest boy/ hour A history book/ horse 3)以元音字母E字母开头的词: English/ egg European
4)以元音因素开头的字母: m/ f/ h/ x/ 8/ s Eg: There is an “m” in the word “mouth”.
The “h” in the word “hour” is not pronounced.
2. 不定冠词指表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,第一次提到某人或某物时, 1) 用于可数名词单数前, 表示某一类人或事物 (相当于 any+n.) Eg: A horse is a useful animal. A student should study hard. 2) 泛指某一类人或事物中的一个
Eg:I am a student. / Give me a pen, please. 3) 指某人或某物, 但不具体说明何人或何物。 Eg: A boy is waiting for you.
Last week we worked in a factory. 4) 表示数量,有“一个”的意思。
Eg: I have a dog. / Have a cup of tea, please. 5) 表示单位, 相当于“每”的意思。 Eg: They worked eight hours a day.
The train can go 100 kilometers an hour. 6)用于固定词组中。
have a rest (break,look,,try, cold, fever, headache), take a walk, in a moment, in a minute, once upon a time, twice a month, four times an hour , a little , a few , a lot of,a great many ,as a rule ,in a hurry , in a word ,
in a short while (不久),after a while ,have a good time , (say) with a smile (speak) in a low voice, have a word with sb,take an active part in 积极参加
二、定冠词的用法
定冠词the可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 Give me the book ( on the top shelf) We must catch the next bus. (1)特指双方都明白的人或物: Take the medicine.把药吃了。 What’s in the paper ( on the radio) (2)上文提到过的人或事:
He bought a house.I’ve been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 (3)指世上独一物二的事物:
the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth,the world/ the universe In space 在太空
(4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物: 如:the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸
The horse is a useful animal. (表类别与其它类别相区别)
A horse is a useful animal. (类别中的任何一个或具体的一个例子) 或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:
如:the rich 富人;the living 生者。The old/ sick/ young/ blind/ sick (5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same, 表方向的名词等前面:
Eg: the first time, the last lesson, the longest river, on the left That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。 注意:
?当序数词表名次,在句中作表语或状语时,通常不加冠词 Eg: I am second in the English contest.(表语) George arrived first. (状语)
?序数词表“又一”时,前面常不加定冠词 Eg: He lost his way for a second time yesterday. ?当表示方位的名词做副词时,不加定冠词 Eg: I’m thinking of going south. / from east to west (6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:
They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)
They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)
(7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前: She caught me by the arm…… 她抓住了我的手臂。 She patted the boy on the head.
(8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前: the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 the Great Wall 长城 the Shanghai Railway Station the No.1 Middle School (9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:
Eg: She is playing the piano.她正在弹钢琴。
(violin, guitar, triangle(三角铁), drum, recorder (竖笛)) 注意:在表示具体的器物或表示课程时,不加the Eg: He bought a piano last month. She taught piano in the school.
(10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人: (在句中做主语时,谓语动词用复数)
Eg: The Greens are watching TV now. 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇) (11) 在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称前,
如the Yellow River , the East China 东海 ; the West Lake 西湖 the Tianshan Mountains 天山
(12) 某些建筑物名词前,如the Summer Palace.
(13) 在报纸、杂志、旅馆、经典等名词前,如the People′s Daily. (14)用于自然现象前 Don’t stand in the rain. (15)用在惯用语中:
in the day在白天,in the morning (afternoon,evening),
the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday,the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country),in the end最终,in the distance在远处,in the middle (of)在...中间,inthe center of 在.....中心
on the whole总的来说,by the way顺便说一下,have the flu流感 hit sb in the face/ on the head, pay by the hour
四、零冠词的用法
(1)抽象名词, 物质名词 表示一般概念时;专有名词前(人名, 地名)通常不加冠词;
Eg: England,Mary,water, happiness
Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。 Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。
(2)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;
Eg: We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
It is hot in summer.
New Year’s Day 元旦 Tree Planting Day植树节
the Spring Festival 春节 the Mid-Autumn Day/ Festival 注意: 如特指在某个季节里,需用定冠词 During the summer/ the spring of 1984
(3)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词(职位是唯一的); Eg: Dad, let’s go to see a film.
He was president of the Republic at that time. He is captain of the team. 球队队长。 (monitor) 注意:当职位不是唯一的, 前面一般不加不定冠词
Eg: She is a teacher of geography in our university.
当出现this, that,my, these, some, any, no, every, each 及人名的所有格时, 前面一般不加不定冠词
Eg: The Xiao Li’s mother is a nurse. ( ) Xiao Li’s mother is a nurse. ( ) (4)在三餐,不加冠词;
have breakfast/lunch/ supper/ dinner 注意:meal 泛指一顿饭时,要用不定冠词 一日三餐前有修饰语, 也加不定冠词
Eg: We had a wonderful lunch./ He had a big meal. 特指时, 用the
Eg: The supper (I had last night) was wonderful. (5) 球类运动和娱乐运动(棋牌)的名称前,不加冠词;
Eg: play chess, tennis,basketball, volleyball, table tennis (6) 表学科,不加冠词;
Eg: maths, physics, history, English, geography, biology, chemistry, music, P.E, politics
(7) 当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词; Eg: by bus,by train;
注意: In a car, on a bus, take the underground (8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;
I can’t write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。 (9)有些个体名词不用冠词;
school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;go to hospital 去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
(10)一些固定词组
At first 起初,首先 in line成一条直线 at last 终于 at night 晚上 After school 放学后 on holiday 度假 in bed 在床上 in town 在城里 On time 准时 in time准时 in surprise吃惊地

