headline【n】大标题；内容提要；栏外标题；头版头条新闻
Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles，and improved their feeble corporation governance ， a new problem threatens to earn them- especially in America-the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.
当老板们和董事会们最终解决了最糟糕的财务和运营规则问题并加强了企业管理力度后，一个新的问题——数据安全问题正在威胁着他们。尤其在美国，这种烦人的头条新闻会让管理层大伤脑筋。数据安全过去只是由临时的、底层的信息技术人员去维护，并且被认为是诸如金融、电信、航空等数据丰富的行业所独有的问题，而如今却成为各行业老板的首要议事日程。
outline【n】轮廓；大纲；概要；略图
Be flexible. Youroutline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. 要灵活，写作提纲应当自然地指引你从一个论点过渡到下一个论点，但是不能让它迫使你仓促行事。当你忽然想到一个与文章相关的重要论点，马上写入你的草稿。
lineage【n】血统；家系，世系
Yet most ancestry testing only considers a singlelineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. 但是多数寻根鉴定只考察一个单一的世系，要么是从父亲的男性谱系中继承Y 染色体，要么是只有从母亲那里继承的线粒体DNA。
in line with 与?一致
The wealth of a country should be measured ________ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.
[A] in line with [B] in terms of [C] in regard with [D] by means of
一个国家的财富应该通过该国人民的健康状态和幸福度以及它所能生产的所有的物资商品来衡量。
U2
value 【n】价格；价值；实用性；重要性 【v】评价，估计；尊重，重视
形近词：devalue overvalue
The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the valueof fair negotiation.
罢工和封厂的严酷惩罚使双方学会了互相尊重对方的力量，理解公正谈判的含义。
Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
不过，友好是很多美国人推崇的美德，也是希望从邻居和陌生人那得到的。
Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. 今天的美国人不很看重才智。
overvalue【v】对...估价过高, 过分重视
It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. 恰恰是银行脱离实际，他们过高地估计了资产的账目。
devalue【v】使贬值；降低?的价值
Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.
很少有美国人将此仅仅归因于美元贬值或经济的周期循环这些显而易见的原因。
organize【v】组织，编组 形近词：disorganize
arrange【v】组织，编组
When workers areorganized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay themoff. 当工会把工人们组织起来，雇主就很难解雇工人了。
disorganize 【v】扰乱; 使混乱; 瓦解
If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
如果你在和一群经理谈话，你就可以评论他们秘书的工作方法缺乏条理；相反，如果你在和一群秘书谈话，你就可以评论她们老板的工作方法缺乏条理。
product【n】产品，产物；乘积 形近词：productive productivity production
In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another.
网上商务开始的第一年左右，大部分活动都围绕着开拓消费者市场而进行。最近，随着网络被证实不仅仅是一种时尚，公司便开始（在网上）相互交易产品和服务。
productive【adj】生产的,多产的; 肥沃的
Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack.
经济学家对英美两国有利的通胀率特别感到诧异，因为传统的计量方法表明两国经济，特别是美国经济几乎没有出现生产萧条。
production 【n】生产，产量；产品，作品；出示，提供
If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production.
一个农民要想成功，就必须在消费和生产之间努力保持着较大的差距。
productivity【n】生产力
“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. 华盛顿特区的智囊团——卡托研究院的史蒂芬·莫尔也说：“我们的企业正在提高生产率，作为一个美国人，我感到自豪。”
economic【adj】经济（上）的，经济学的
形近词：uneconomic economics socioeconomic economically 同义词：financial fiscal monetary
Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 世界各国政府的行为都基于一个假设，即，本国人民的福利主要依赖于该国经济实力和社会财富。
uneconomic【adj】不经济的
The capital intended to broaden the export base and secureefficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead intouneconomic import substitution. 参考译文：本打算用来扩大出口基地从而有效地从国际贸易中获得效益的资金却用到了没有经济效益的进口贸易中去了。
economics 【n】经济
Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
社会科学包括地理学、经济学、政治学、心理学和社会学等学科。社会学的每一学科都包含一门与人类学密切相关的副学科或专业。
socioeconomic【adj】社会经济的
Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, or as a rejection of middle-class values.
强调社会因素的理论认为儿童的犯罪行为是因为他们未能如愿地提高自己的社会经济地位，或者是因为排斥中产阶级的价值观。
economically【adv】节约地, 节俭地; 在经济上; 节省地
Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence the ideals of representative government, careers to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the ...to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. There was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a set of laws.
这些国家的许多独立运动领导人都出生于旧体制和伊比利亚殖民主义的危机之中，他们怀有共同的治国理念：创建代表制政府、向人才开放的职业、商业贸易自由、尊重私有财产所有权以及坚持“个体是社会基础”的信念。当时，普遍存在这样的观念：新国家应该是独立自主的国家，经济上足以独立生存发展，并且通过一套共同的法律统一在一起。
meaning 【n】意义、含义
形近词：meaningless well-meaning meaningful meaningfully 同义词：implication
Visitors who fail to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. 不能正确“诠释”文化含义的旅行者往往得出错误的结论。
meaningless【adj】无聊的，毫无意义的
Indeed, some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. 参考译文：事实上，一些观察者害怕反科学的口号处于无意义的危险当中。
well-meaning【adj】好心的；善意的
Such well-meaning people just don’t understand. 参考译文：这样好心的人根本就不明白。
