李肇星:
女士们、先生们，上午好。我们高兴地邀请到温家宝总理与中外记者见面，并回答提问。现在请总理讲话。
Ladies and gentlemen:
Good morning, we are delighted to invite Premier Wen Jiabao to meet Chinese and foreign press and answer your questions. First some opening remarks from Mr. Premier.
温家宝:
记者朋友们，大家好。过去的两年我们是在极其困难条件下走过来的。人民是用坚实的步伐走过了不平坦的道路，这将会在历史上留下印迹。今后几年，道路依然不平坦，甚至充满荆棘，但是我们应该记住这样一条古训：行百里者半九十。不可有任何松懈、麻痹和动摇。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, friends of the press! Under very tough circumstances we have covered an eventful course in the past two years. The Chinese people have gone through an extraordinary journey with solid steps, it will leave an imprint in the annuls of history. The road ahead is not a smooth one, it may be full of twists and turns, but we should always remember this important thing, that is, half of the people who have embarked on a 100-mile journey may fall by the wayside. This means that we must not slacken our efforts in the slightest, we must not weaver in our resolve.
但同时我们要坚定信心，华山再高，顶有过路。解决困难唯一的办法、出路和希望在于我们自己的努力。我深深爱着我的国家，没有一片土地让我这样深情和激动，没有一条河流让我这样沉思和起伏。亦余心之所向兮，虽九死其尤未悔。我将以此明志，做好今后三年的工作。
We must reinforce our confidence no matter how high the mountain is, one can always ascend to its top. In the face of the various difficulties our only answer, only solution and only hope lie in the efforts of ourselves. I have deep love for this country, I love every inch of its land, I love every river that flows on this peace of its earth with deep passion and deep affection. For the ideal that I hold dear to my heart, I will not regret a thousand death to die. With this strong commitment, I will continue to devote myself to my work in the next 3 years.
现在我愿意回答大家的问题。
Now I am ready to answer your questions. 英国《金融时报》记者:
您好。我想问一个有关中国货币政策的问题。现在中国经济发展速度很快，中国经济迅速实现企稳回升，中国的通货膨胀也在上涨，几乎已经达到了您在政府工作报告中定下的今年通胀保持在3%左右的水
平目标。不管外界给中国什么样的压力或者对中国的货币政策作出什么评论，我想问，让人民币升值难道不是符合中国自身利益的一件事吗？
Good morning, Premier Wen, I am from the Financial Times .I would like to ask a question about Chinese currency policy. The economy is now growing strongly in China and the inflation is rising almost close to the 3% target you set for the year. Regard this pressure and comments of other countries; is it not the interest of China to begin appreciating your currency? Thank you!
温家宝:
第一，我认为人民币的币值没有低估。让我们看一组数据，去年我们统计了37个国家对中国的出口情况，其中有16个国家对中国的出口是增长的。就是欧盟地区，出口总体下降20.3%，但是对中国的出口只下降15.3%。如果我举一个德国的例子，那就是去年德国对中国的出口多达760亿欧元，创历史最高。美国去年出口下降17%，但是对中国的出口仅下降0.22%。中国已经成为周边国家包括日本、韩国的出口市场，也成为欧美的出口市场。
First, I do not think the RMB has depreciated. Let us take a look at a set of figures here. We did a survey of exports of 37 countries in the world towards China last year, 16 out of 37 countries export more goods to China. Talking about the European area where this journalist comes from, on the whole, exports of European countries have decreased by 20.3%, yet its export to China only fell by 15.3%. Last year, Germany exports to china reached 76 billion Euros, reaching a historical high and last year, exports of the US dropped by 17%, but its exports to China only declined by 2.2%. From this we can see that China has become an important export market for its neighboring countries including Japan, the ROK, it is also an major market for European countries and the US.
第二，在国际金融危机爆发和蔓延期间，人民币汇率保持基本稳定对世界经济复苏作出了重要贡献。人民币汇率机制改革是从2005年7月份开始的，到现在人民币的币值对美元升值21%，实际有效汇率升值16%。我这里特别强调指出，2008年7月到2009年2月，也就是世界经济极为困难的时期，人民币并没有贬值，而实际有效汇率升值14.5%。在这个期间，2009年，我们的外贸出口下降了16%，但是进口只降低了11%，顺差减少了1020亿美元。人民币汇率在国际金融危机蔓延中基本稳定，对世界经济复苏起了促进作用。
Second, since the outbreak of the international financial crisis,
we have made strong efforts to keep RMB exchange rate at a stable level. This has played an
important role in facilitating the recovery in the global economy. We have started to reform the RMB exchange rate regime from July, 2005 and since then RMB had depreciated by 21% against the US dollar. The real effective exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar rose by 16%, here I would like to point out that between July, 2008 and Feb. 2009, in the mist of the raging international economic crisis, the RMB did not devalue and actually the real effective exchange rate of RMB rose by 14.5%. In 2009, our exports dropped by 16%, but our import only declined by 11% and China's trade surplus declined by 102 billion US dollars. A stable RMB exchange rate level in the mist of the international financial crisis has played an important role in promoting a recovery in the global economy.
第三，一国的汇率是由一国的经济决定的，汇率的变动也是由经济的综合情况来决定的。我们主张自由贸易，因为自由贸易不仅使经济像活水一样流动，而且给人们带来和谐与和平。我们反对各国之间相互指责，甚至用强制的办法来迫使一国的汇率升值，因为这样做反而不利于人民币汇率的改革。在贸易问题上，我们主张协商，通过平等协商总会找到互赢或者多赢的渠道。
Third, the exchange rate policy of a country is decided by this country's economic conditions and the change of the exchange rate policy is responsive to the overall situation of the economy of that country. We call for free trade because we are of the view that free trade will help keep the economy going and will also bring peace and harmony to the people. We are opposed to the practice of engaging in mutual ill-fingering of other countries, or taking strong measures to force other countries to appreciate their currencies because this kind practice is not in the interest of the reform of RMB exchange regime. On trade issues, we have always maintained that trade disputes should be resolved through consultations and we believe that equal consultations will always lead to a win-win and all-win solution.
第四，人民币将继续坚持以市场供求为基础、有管理的浮动汇率制度，我们将进一步推进人民币汇率形成机制的改革，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。谢谢。
Fourth, we will continue to implement a managed market-based and floating RMB exchange rate regime and we will continue to reform the RMB exchange regime and keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level. Thank you!
新华社记者
总理您好。国际货币基金组织不久前对今明两年世界经济和中国经济的发展都作出了比较乐观的预测，但是不少经济学家却认为世界经济和中国经济的发展都存在二次探底的风险，甚至认为这种风险不可
避免。您在刚刚通过的政府工作报告中也用“极为复杂”四个字形容今年我们面对的形势，请问总理，您怎么看舆论的这种担心？中国经济将如何避免出现二次探底的情况？经济的形势极为复杂，复杂在哪里？谢谢。
With Xin Hua News Agency. The IMF has made quite optimistic forecasts of the world economy and China's economy this year and the next year. However, some economists believe that both the world economy and China's economy face the risk of a double dip and even hold the view that a double dip is not avoidable. You said in your report on the work of the government report that this year will be the most complicated year for the Chinese economy. I would like to get your perspective on the worries from the public, what will the government do to avert the risk of a double dip and why is this year the most complicated year for China?
温家宝:
经济复杂，复杂在不确定因素多。我认为，虽然世界经济出现整体复苏的形势，但世界经济的主要矛盾和问题并没有完全消除。一些主要经济体失业率居高不下，一些国家主权债务危机还在暴露，金融和财政还存在风险，大宗商品和主要货币的汇率不稳定，由于通胀的预期而使一些国家在政策的选择上产生困难，这些都有可能使经济复苏的形势出现反复，甚至二次探底。中国的经济离不开世界，我们虽然出现了经济的企稳回升，但是我们许多企业的经营状况还没有根本好转，它们主要靠政策的支撑。国际金融危机对中国经济的冲击在一定程度上讲，是对我们经济结构和发展方式的冲击，而调整结构和转变发展方式不是一个短期的过程，要作艰苦的努力。我们必须坚持把转变发展方式、调整结构放在重要位置，改变中国经济发展的不平衡、不协调和不可持续的问题。中国经济今年必须处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整结构和管理好通胀预期三者的关系。而在这三者之间，我们必须走出一条光明的路子。只有这样，才可能避免二次探底。谢谢你。
This year is going to be the most complicated year for the Chinese economy because we still face a lot of uncertainties. I believe in spite of the overall recovery in the world economy, the major challenges and problems in the global economy has yet to be fully addressed .
The unemployment rates in some major economies have been hovering at a high level. Some countries have witnessed the outbreak of sovereign debt crisis. There are still risks in the financial sector and public finance. Prices of bulk commodities on international markets and exchange rates of major currencies are not yet stable. As a result of inflation expectations, some countries are facing difficulties in making the right policy decisions. All these may
cause setbacks in the cause of promoting a recovery in the global economy and may even lead to a double-dip.
It is impossible for China to develop its economy out of the context of the broader international economy. It is true that the Chinese economy has stabilized and is turning for the better, but I should also point out that there has not been a fundamental improvement in the operations of many Chinese businesses, and a lot of Chinese businesses are still relying on the stability measures to stay afloat. The impact of the international financial crisis on the Chinese economy is, in a sense, an impact on our economic structure and pattern of economic development. It is impossible for us to complete the arduous task of economic reconstructing and changing the growth pattern in a short span of time. It causes for long standing and arduous efforts. Therefore, we will continue to give priority to transform the growth pattern and economic restructuring in all our efforts and to do that, we will be able to address those structural problems that caused unsteady and uncoordinated efforts.
This year we must skillfully handle the relationship between maintaining fast and steady economic development, and restructuring our economic structure and managing inflation expectations, we must complete the three tasks all at the same time in order to ensure a bright future for the Chinese economy. And only in this way may we avert the risk of a double-dip.
美国《新闻周刊》记者:
您好。有美国官员、分析家以及媒体认为，在去年12月举行的哥本哈根气候大会上，中国代表团表现傲慢，温家宝总理您本人甚至拒绝参加一个包括美国总统奥巴马在内的若干国家元首或首脑参加的重要会议，这令与会各方感到失望和吃惊。您对此作何回应？您如何看待哥本哈根进程？
Thank you, Mr. Premiere. I am with News Week magazine. According to media reports, some American officials and analysts say that the Chinese delegation at Copenhagen, the climate change summit in December were perceived as arrogant and that you, Mr. Premier, your decision not to attend the key meeting there even though other heads of state including President Brack Obama, world attendants at the meeting was a reason for disappointment and surprise by some of the other participants. Mr. Premier, what is your response to this and how did the proceedings in Copenhagen look from your perspective?
Thank you very much. 温家宝:
中国有一句古语，人或加讪，心无疵兮。但毕竟你还给了我一个澄清真相的机会，因此，我首先应该感谢你
As a Chinese proverb goes my conscience stays untainted in spite of the rumors and slanders from
the outside. But I still want to thank you for giving me an opportunity to clear up what actually happened in Copenhagen.
去年12月17号，也就是在哥本哈根领导人大会前一天晚上，丹麦女王为各国领导人举行宴会，就在那次宴会上，我从一位欧洲领导人那里知道那天晚上有一个少数国家参加的会议，他给我拿出了一个单子，上面赫然有中国的名字。但我感到震惊，我没有接到任何通知。就在这时，一位新兴大国的领导人主动约见我，说有紧急的事情要和我谈。他告诉我，他从一位欧洲领导人那里得到通知，说今天晚上有一个会议。我对他讲，我没有得到通知。回到驻地，我紧急召集中方人员进行查询，确实我们代表团没有接到通知。在这种情况下，我决定：第一，向大会秘书处咨询。第二，请杨外长给美国国务卿克林顿打电话告诉真相。第三，即使没有接到通知，我们也仍然派外交部副部长何亚非与会。
On the evening of the 17th of December last year, that was the evening before the high-level segment of Copenhagen conference opened, Dennish Queen hosted a banquet for the participating leaders at the Copenhagen conference .At the banquet, I learned from a leader of European country that it would be a small group leaders meeting after the banquet that night. I was shown a list of the invited countries and the list has the name of China on it. I felt shocked because I have received no notable notification of China being invited to this meeting. It was at this moment that a leader of a big emerging country sent its staff to me that his leader wanted to talk to me for an urgent matter. The leader told me that he just received the notice of this small group leaders meeting after the banquet from the leader of the European country. And I told him that I have not received any notification. Upon returning to my hotel, I immediately called the Chinese delegation attending the conference to a meeting to check what had really happened. I learned that indeed the Chinese delegation has not received any notification of this small group leaders meeting. Under such circumstance I decided, first, we should inquire the Secretary General of the conference for the accurate information. Second, I asked Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi to call the US Secretary of the State Hillary Clinton to explain the situation to her. And third, I decided that although Chinese delegation has not received any notification of the meeting, I would send vice Foreign Minister He Yafei to attend the meeting no matter what.
我想在这里说明，那时奥巴马总统还没有抵达哥本哈根。何亚非副部长到达会议，首先代表中国政府代表团表示抗议，并且说“我是不请而来的”。为什么不通知中国？至今没有人向我们做任何解释，至今在我的脑子里还是一个谜团。
I would like to inform you that President Obama had not arrived in Copenhagen by that time. Upon arriving at the meeting, Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei expressed a protest on behalf of the Chinese delegation and he said, \have arrived to this meeting uninvited.\
Why was China not notified of this meeting, so far no one has given us any explanation of this and it is still a mystery to me.
你知道，在哥本哈根60个小时，我几乎没有休息。我会见了德、英、日等国的领导人，会见了印度、巴西等国的领导人，会见了77国集团、非盟以及小岛国的代表。我两次会见奥巴马总统，而且进行了长时间的会谈。我还会见了联合国秘书长和东道主丹麦首相。中国政府代表团所做的大量工作是有目共睹的。
In the 60 hours that I spent in Copenhagen, I had little time for rest. As you may know, I held meetings with leaders of Germany, the UK, and Japan. I met with leaders of India and Brazil; I also held meetings with representatives of the group of 77, and the African Union and leaders of some small island countries. I met US president Obama twice, and we had long conversations, I also had meetings with the UN Secretary general and PM of Denmark. The Chinese delegation putting a large amount of efforts at Copenhagen conference and our efforts would rightly be recognized.
在哥本哈根会议遇到困难，许多国家领导人准备打道回府的时候，我坚持同各方斡旋，与各国共同努力，最终达成了哥本哈根协议。这个成果是来之不易的，也是在涉及各国重大利益问题上可能取得的最好成果。
I did not give up the efforts and continued with my consultations with leaders from other countries when the Copenhagen conference run into serious difficulty and leaders of some delegations were even getting prepared to leave Copenhagen, China worked with other countries attending the Copenhagen conference and with joint efforts we have made the Copenhagen Accord possible. This result has not come easily, and it is also the best outcome that could have been achieved on an issue that concerns the major interests of all countries.
哥本哈根会议结束以后，1月份我就致函联合国秘书长和丹麦首相，坚定地表示，中国高度评价和支持哥本哈根会议决议的立场。就在最近，我们又致函联合国，表示我们全面支持哥本哈根会议决议的立场，并且申明中国列入支持《哥本哈根协议》的名单国。 At the end of last January after the Copenhagen conference, I wrote letters to UN Secretary General and Donnish PM respectively, expressing in clear-cut terms that China highly comments and supports the Copenhagen Accord. Not long ago, China once again wrote to the UN, expressing that China fully supports the Copenhagen Accord, and conforming that China can be included in the list of countries
supporting Copenhagen Accord.
为什么总拿中国做文章？我至今不明白。气候变化问题关系到人类的生存，也关系各国的利益，关系世界的公平和正义。我们坚持“共同但有区别的责任”原则是完全正确的，我们将继续同世界各国一道推进应对气候变化的进程。谢谢你。
It still baffles me why some people keep trying to make an issue about China. The issue of climate change concerns the humans’ survival, the interests of all countries and equity and justice in our international community. We are fully justified to stick to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and China will continue to work with other countries to advance the international efforts in tackling the climate change.
Thank you.
台湾《联合报》记者:
总理你好。想请教您有关商签两岸经济合作框架协议的问题，您两会之前和网民交流的时候提到说在商签两岸经济合作框架协议的时候，考虑到两岸经济规模的差异，还有台湾中小企业以及农民的利益，大陆这边可以让利，那能不能请您向我们透露一下大陆让利的实质内涵是什么？您认为今年6月两岸可以签署ECFA吗？去年您在这里有一段温馨的谈话，您说想到台湾去看一看，如果两岸签了ECFA后对您到台湾走走看看会不会创造更好的条件？
I am with Taiwan Lianhe Bao of Taiwan and my question is about the negotiation and signing of the economic cooperation framework agreement between the two sides of the Taiwan straits. You said when you had an on-line chat with Internet users before the two sessions this year that the mainland would be prepared to let people in Taiwan benefit more from ECFA given the different sides of the economy of the two sides. You also said that the mainland will take into account the interests of small and medium-sized businesses in Taiwan and farmers in Taiwan. I wonder if you can elaborate on what you mean about letting Taiwan benefit more from ECFA, do you think ECFA can be signed in June this year. Last year at the press conference, you said that you waned very much to visit Taiwan one day, I wonder if the signing of ECFA will help foster more favorable conditions for you to make a trip to Taiwan?
温家宝:
两岸正在商签的经济合作框架协议是一个综合性的、具有两岸特色的协议。商签这个协议应该把握好三个原则：第一，平等协商；第二，互利双赢；第三，彼此照顾对方的关切。
我确实讲过，在商签协议时要充分考虑两岸经济规模和市场条件的不同，关心台湾中小企业和广大基层民众的利益，特别要照顾台湾农民的利益。
