would listen to no expostulations. He left his wife and his office. He had a little money and he spent two happy years in the various capitals of Europe. Rumors of his doings reached his relations from time to time and they were profoundly shocked. He certainly had a very good time. They shook their heads and asked what would happen when his money was spent. They soon found out: he borrowed. He was charming and unscrupulous. I have never met anyone to whom it was more difficult to refuse a loan. He made a steady income from his friends and he made friends easily. But he always said that the money you spent on necessities was boring; the money that was amusing to spend was the money you spent in luxuries. For this he depended on his brother George. He did not waste his charm on him. George was a serious man and insensible to such enticements. George was respectable. Once or twice he fell to Tom?s promises of an amendment and gave his considerable sums in order that he might make a fresh start. On these Tom bought a motor-car and some very nice jewellery. But when circumstances forced George to realize that his brother would never settle down and he washed his hands off him, Tom, without a qualm, began to blackmail him. It was not very nice for a respectable lawyer to find his brother shaking cocktails behind the bar of his favorite restaurant or to see him waiting on the box-seat of a taxi outside his club. Tom said that to serve in a bar or to driver a taxi was a perfectly decent occupation, but if George could oblige him with a couple of hundred pounds, he didn?t mind for the honour of the family giving it up. George paid.
我认为家家都有败类。二十年来汤姆对于他的家庭是一种痛苦的考验。他的人生起步足够体面：做生意、已婚而且有两个孩子。瑞姆塞斯一家是完全值得尊重的人，完全有理由相信汤姆会拥有实惠而光荣的事业。但是有一天，事先没有任何征兆，他突然宣称自己不喜欢工作，而且也不适合结婚。他要享受生活。他不听任何人的忠告。他离开了妻子，离开了办公室。他有点钱，在欧洲各个国家的首都度过了快乐的两年。关于他的种种行为的传言传到了亲戚的耳朵里，他们都深感震惊。毫无疑问，他生活的很好。亲戚们摇头说看他的钞票花完了怎么办。他们很快知道了。他富有魅力，而且厚颜无耻。我从未遇到过象他那样难以拒绝借钱请求的人。他从朋友那里获得稳定的收入，而且他特别容易交上朋友。他经常说把钱花在生活必需品上很没意思；有趣的花钱方式是用它来享受奢华。为此他依赖哥哥乔治。他的魅力在乔治身上没白费。乔治是一个严肃的人，他两次都轻信了汤姆要改过自新的诺言，给了他一笔数目可观的钞票让他重新开始。乔治是个令人敬重的人。有一次汤姆借了一辆汽车和一些漂亮的首饰。可是当周围的事实迫使乔治明白他的弟弟永远都不可能安顿下来时，他想抽手不管了。汤姆，没有感到一点良心的不安，开始敲诈他。发现自己的弟弟在自己钟爱的餐馆的柜台后面摇晃着鸡尾酒或者看见他在俱乐部外面坐在出租车的驾驶员仓里等候客人，对于一位令人尊重的律师而言不太光彩。汤姆说做餐馆服务员或出租车司机完全是体面的职业，但是如果乔治愿意支付他几百英镑的话，他不会介意为了家族的荣誉放弃这种职业。乔治支付了。
B. Translate the following paragraph into English.
多数人的生活取决于他们周围的环境。他们有的屈从于命运的摆弄，有的甚至心甘情愿。他们犹如电车，颇为自得地在自己的轨道上行驶；而对于那些匆忙驶过车流而后轻驰在旷野上的廉价车却不屑一顾。我尊重这些人；他们是好公民、好丈夫、好父亲，可是，我并不觉得他们使人振奋。另有些人把生活掌握在自己手里，似乎在按照自己的意愿创造生活，尽管这样的人屈指可数，他们却深深地吸引了我。也许我们没有所谓的自由意志，但不管怎么说，它确实存在于我们的幻想之中。每逢站在十字路口，我们好像能在左右两条道路中任选其一，可一旦选定之后，却很难认识到那实际上是世界历史的整个进程左右了我们的人生选择。
The lives of most men are determined by their environment. They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with good will. They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails and despise the sprightly flivver that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country. I respect them; they are good citizens, good husbands, and good fathers, and of course somebody has to pay the taxes; but I do not find them exciting. I am fascinated by the men, few enough in all conscience, who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking. It may be that we have no such thing as free will, but at all events we have the illusion of it. At a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and, the choice once made, it is difficult to see that the whole course of the world?s history obliged us to take the turning we did. I never met a more interesting man than Mayhew. He was a lawyer in Detroit. He was an able and a successful one. By the time he was thirty-five he had a large and a lucrative practice, he has amassed a competence, and he stood on the threshold of a distinguished career. He has an acute brain, an attractive personality, and uprightness. There was no reason why he should not become, financially or politically, a power in the land.
II. Vocabulary Expansion
There are four choices marked A, B, C, and D under each of the following sentences. Choose the one that best completes the meaning of each sentence.
1. As one of the youngest branch manager in the IT company, Mr. Yang is certainly on the of a brilliant career. A. track B. margin C. course D. threshold
2. In times, human beings did not travel for pleasure, but to find a more favorable climate. A. prime B. primary C. primitive D. preliminary
3. While it?s true that techniques of active listening can the value of lecture, few students possess such skills at the beginning of their college careers. A. enhance B. enlarge C. access D. exaggerate
4. In the library, I found Dabbie was frowning, apparently a word. A. tumbled to B. collided with C. coincided with D. stumped on
5. Fierce storms have been rescue efforts and there?s now little chance of finding more survivors. A. hampering B. bewildering C. tangling D. blundering
6. They didn?t even give him any sick-pay when he was off ill, which is a fairly way to treat an employee. A. vulnerable B. makeshift C. shoddy D. backhanded
7. It must be realized that large price increase can only demands for even larger wage increase.
A. call off B. trigger off C. make off D. carry off
8. When the old lady was back from shopping, she was shocked to find that her house had been . A. pawned B. leased C. ransacked D. mortgaged
9. Since this was my first job interview, I asked about the salary. A. discouragingly B. diffidently C. differentially D. diffusely
10. The lost car of the Lees was found in the woods off the highway. A. vanished B. abandoned C. scattered D. disregarded
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. B
Unit 4
C. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.
1. As television continued to command the family hours of the evening, radio found its own prime time hours in the morning with wake-up shows, bright with music and , as well as time and weather announcements. A. chitchat B. hyperstimulation C. collaboration D. spur
2. At this conference Trudeau admonished the press as “a pretty lousy lot” for into his private life. A. lapsing B. snooping C. sneezing D. yawning
3. The demoralizing effect on the enemy of such bombing and from planes completely hidden in a clouded sky was tremendous. A. explosives B. mines C. barrels D. barrages
4. Three schools in Putney have their resources in order to buy an area of waste ground and turn it into a sports field. A. pooled B. captured C. sucked D. transcended
5. The U. S. economy appeared to function on autopilot during much of 1995 with mergers that kept the stock market in a tizzy. A. appalling B. anticipating C. mind-boggling D. brain-racking
6. After Steve entered the room he the satchel on the label and sat down on the sofa in front of the telly. A. plunked down B. plucked out C. ran amok D. pecked out
7. The roads tied regions together, moving the goods and people required to build and maintain extensive public works.
A. full-blown B. far-gone C. far-flung D. far-fetched
8. Evidence from drawings of that time indicates that the Egyptians used a , probably milk, to reduce the sliding friction and thus increase the efficiency of the inclined planes. A. nutrition B. junk C. query D. lubricant
9. Since last Sunday, the volcano has a giant cloud of ash, dust and gases into the air. A. mustered B. demolished C. forged D. spewed
10. He together a living from several part-time jobs by running sightseeing charters, and collecting dry cleaning. A. haunts B. cobbles C. flattens D. underscores
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. B
V. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraphs from the text into Chinese.
E-mail also flattens hierarchies within the bounds of an office. It is far easier, Shreve notes, to make a suggestion to your superiors and colleagues via e-mail than it is to do so in a pressure-filled meeting room. “Any time when you have something that is difficult to say, e-mail can make it easier,” she says. “It serves as a buffer zone. ”
Of course, e-mail?s uses as a social lubricant can be taken to extremes. There is little point in denying the obvious dark side to the lack of self-constraint encouraged by e-mail Purveyors of pornography rarely call us on the phone and suggest out loud that we check out some “hot teen action.” But they don?t think twice about jamming our e-mail boxes full of outrageously prurient advertisements. People who would never insult us face to face will spew the vilest, most objectionable, most appalling rhetoric imaginable via e-mail or an instant message, or in the no-holds-barred confines of a chat room.
电子邮件还会消除办公室里的等级关系。Shreve发现，通过电邮向你的上司和同事提建议，要比在充满压力的会议室提容易得多。“不管什么时候，你有什么事情不便说出来，通过电邮就要好办得多，”她说，“它能起到缓冲作用。”
当然，把电邮当作社会润滑剂，也有走极端的一面。不容否认电邮由于缺乏自我控制而带来明显的负面影响。传播色情信息的人很少会给我们打电话，大声建议我们去访问一些“少年色情行为”，但是，他们会毫不犹豫地将各种淫秽广告塞满我们的邮箱。从来不会面对面侮辱我们的人，会通过电邮或短信，或者在毫无约束的聊天室里，竭尽想象之能事，以最可怕的、最恶毒的、最邪恶的话语来谩骂我们。
B. Translate the following paragraphs into English.
从春节到元宵乃至情人节，都不断收到各种祝福短信，其中大部分是转发现成的段子。虽然一看就知道是民间高手的业余创作，但不少读来依然颇有兴味，读着读着，一时兴起，就忍不住也转发若干给亲朋好友，以博一乐。
这样的转发，当然颇受诟病，所谓内容缺乏个性，对祝福对象不显尊重云云。然而，仔细一想，以短信拜年之类，其实从一开始就突破了传统的社交礼仪模式，这种适应现代快节
