41.Thank you.
______________________________ 42.How are you?
______________________________ 43.How many books are there in your bag? 44.What is in your bag?
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语法知识
一．可数名词变复数的规则
1. 一般情况，直接在名词后面加“s‖. 如: bed – beds cat—cats 2. 以 ― s, x, sh, ch‖ 结尾,在后面加 ― es ‖. 如: bus—buses
box—boxes glass—glasses
3. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词, 改y变i再加es. 如: baby—babies
study—studies lady—ladies
4. 特殊情况，不规则：①复数不变：sheep—sheep fish—fish
goldfish—goldfish
②不规则：goose—geese mouse—mice child—children shelf—shelves tooth—teeth man—men woman—women ◆不可数名词（不加s）
hair---头发 juice---果汁 tissue---纸巾 chalk---粉笔 water---水
二．―是‖动词有三个：am are is
第一人称单数：I — am 第二人称单数：you — are 第三人称单数：he,she,it — is 全部复数都用：are 注意不可数名词：Is there any tissue on the table ? Is there any orange juice in the glass? 三.some 和any
some 和any 的主要区别为：some和any都表示 “一些” ，但是“some”用于肯定句 ，any用于否定句（not；n’t）和疑问句（？）。例如：
There are some apples in the fridge.变成否定句： There are not any apples in the fridge.变成疑问句： Are there any apples in the fridge?
练习：用some \\any填空,并在后面的( )说明是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句）
1.There are ________children in the garden.( ) 2.Are there ________ stools in the livingroom? ( ) 3.There aren’t ________ pictures on the wall. ( ) 4.There are ____________ cakes on the table.( ) 5.Ben,are there _________cookies in the box? ( ) 6.Jack has____________English books.( ) 四. （拥―有‖）has 和have
have 的基本意思相当于汉语的“拥有”。例如：I have a book. have 一般用在主语是 I,you,we,they 等人称代词，以及事物名称是复数形式的时候（the boys\\the girls \\the children \\the men \\Mike and Jack ....。例如：
我/我们/他们 有一些笔记本。I / We / They have some notebooks.(人称代词)
孩子们有一个球。The children have a ball.(人称复数) 桌子都有四条腿。The two desks have eight legs.(事物名称复数)
如果是第三人称单数及其它名词单数时，have 要变化成 has. 他有两个蛋糕。He has two cakes.(第三人称单数)
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4.______ there any dictionaries on the shelf?No,there aren’t.
（4）there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）； have(has) 表示某人拥有某3.______there a spider in that corner? Yes ,there is. 2.There are not (______)(缩写) books on the shelf. 2There _____many bikes under the tree.
3.There _____ one clock , two maps and five pictures on the wall.
（3）there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 练习：
1.There is not (______) (缩写) a computer in the study.
1There _____ an apple on the desk. 五. （存在―有‖）there be 句型
（1）There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） （2）在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。练习：
Jane有几本图画书。Jane has some picture-books.(Jane一个人，单数)
我们的教室有三扇窗子。Our classroom has three windows.(指一间教室，单数)
问“你、他们、….‖有什么….? Do you have any pencils?Yes,I do.\\No,I don’t. 练习：
1. He_______ a toy car. And I ______ a toy plane. 2. She ______ some red rulers. My brothers ________ some
yellow rulers.
3. They ______ two pencils
4. The children ______ a big bedroom. 5. The lady______ two daughters. 6. My father _______ a car. 7. The goldfish ______ a beautiful tail. 8My bedroom ________ two windows. 9. The table _____ four legs.
10. Do you _________ any boxes ? No, I _______ 11. Do they _________ a house? Yes,they_____.
物。 ______ a sofa in the study. Janet ______ an Australian stamp.
（5）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How many _______(椅子) are there in the dingingroom?
（6）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： What’s + 介词短语？
练习：There is a car in the garage.----_________ in the garage?
（7）There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。
1.___________（有） a sofa in the study. 2.______________(有)some spiders on the wall. 3.We ______(有) a big bedroom. 4. Mrs Webb ______(有) a pink car. 六．问你来自哪里？ Where are you from? 回答： 有from 用国家名：I am from China.
无from 用国籍：I am Chinese. 问…在哪里？
单数：Where is …? It’s on/in/under… 复数：Where are….? They’re on/in/under… 七．人称代词：
They are my father and mother./ Their English names are Ben and Janet. 选择填空，把答案抄写在横线上。
1. My mother’s mother is my . (daughter grandmother) 2. Who is the man? He’s my . (aunt brother) 3. This is Sally. hair is long. ( Her His)
4. is your name ? My name is Linda. (Who What) 5. Sam and she brother and sister. (are is) 6. The mother is Chen Xiaoling. (girl girl’s) 7. The children tall. (am are) 8. is Lily’s aunt . (Her She)
9. Who’s the man a bag? He’s M r Chen. (on with) 10. The lady is slim. She’s very . (beautiful strong ) 11. There is (an ,the ) apple on the tree.
12. There are (some, any) bedrooms in the house. 13. There aren’t (some , any ) studies upstairs. 14. (Where’s, What’s) your desk? It’s in my study. 15. There is a bird (in, on) the tree. 16. （What , Where ）is Janet from? She’s from . (France, French). 17.Zhang Mai is from (China ,Chinese). He’s (China ,Chinese).
18. I like that (America, American) stamp. 19. Are (these, this) Japanese stamps? 20. The Chinese stamp has a goldfish (on, in) it. 21. We’re (both, only) from Britain. 22. I_____( have, has ) two pens.
23. Uncle Sam_____( have, has ) four ships. 24. The dog_____( is, are ) cute and small. 25. Jack has_____ ( some, any ) pets.
But I don’t have _____ ( some, any ) pets.
26._____( Are, Do ) you have a pig ? Yes, I_____(don’t, do ). 27. Janet has six _____( sheeps, sheep ). 28. This is (a, an) English book. 29. Jack is (a, an) tall boy. 30. He (has, have) ten cats. 31. I (have, has) a new house. 32. My mother (have, has) two sisters. 33. These are yellow (balls, ball)
34. (Who’s, What’s) the beautiful lady? She is Miss Green. 35. I have (some, any) cute pets. 36. Do you have (some, any) dogs?
37. (Where, Who) is the book? It’s on the desk. 38. Where is (America, American)?
39. Do you have any (Japan, Japanese) stamps? 7
I (我) we（我们） my（我的） our (我们的) I am a teacher. / My English teacher is Mr. Zhang. We are your teachers./Our English teacher is Mr. Zhang. you ( 你 ) you ( 你们) he ( 他) she ( 她) your (你的) your (你们的) his ( 他的 ) her ( 她的) You are a tall boy. / Your bag is big and beautiful. You are my good friends./Your English teacher is tall. He is my father. / His hair is short. She is my mother. / Her hair is long. it ( 它 ) they ( 他们 )
its ( 它的) their ( 他们的；她们的；它们的) It is a tall building./Its mouth is big.
40. These are Chinese (car, cars).
41. (Who, Who’s) the old lady with grey hair? 42. I (have, has) many toys.
43. (Is, Are) these Germany cars? Yes, they (is, are) 44. Do you have (some, any) stamps? 45. Are there any (sheep, sheeps) under the tree? Yes, there . (are, aren’t)
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