选修八 Unit 5
[基础回顾]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(导学号02516357)
1． It is assumed that stress is mainly caused by too much work.
2．If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own. 3．She has kept up physical training for several years without interruption (interrupt)． 4．The more we are aware of the significance (significant) of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
5．If you study in a systematic (system) way, you won't leave anything out. 6．The plants need the right amount of sunlight and rain to grow and ripen (ripe)． 7．The mechanic who wishes to do his work well, must first sharpen (sharp) his tools. 8．The escaped prisoner got arrested (arrest) immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again.
9．Scientists have identified (identify) more than forty chemicals in tobacco smoke that cause cancer in humans and animals.
10．In contrast to our ignorance of saving food, many people especially those in poverty-stricken areas are suffering from starvation (starve)．
Ⅱ.单句改错(每句一错)(导学号02516358)
1．I had no alternative but report him to the headteacher. report前加to
2．Assumed that the weather is favorable, farmers will have a good harvest. Assumed→Assuming/Assume
3．He could have finished it on schedule, but anyhow he fell behind. anyhow→somehow 4．I'm very sorry to interrupt with you, but I have something very important to tell you. 去掉with
5．The significance attaching to a national day is very different from country to country. attaching→attached
Ⅲ.佳句写作(导学号02516359)
1．他们急匆匆地到达公司，结果了解到他们被开除了。(only to作结果状语) 答案：They hurried to the company，only to learn that they were fired. 2．看看我们现在所处的困境。要是我们接受了他的建议就好了。(if only) 答案：Look at the trouble we are in now.If only we had taken his advice. 3．看，我的妈妈正在切碎包饺子的肉。(cut up)
答案：Look，my mother is cutting up the meat for making dumplings. 4．假设他在七点回来的话，我们就开会。(assume)
答案：Assume/Assuming that he comes back at seven，we will have a meeting. 5．尽管下大雨，医护人员还是迅速地赶到事故现场。(in spite of)
答案：In spite of the heavy rain，the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident.
[技能提升]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(导学号02516360)
The ancient Mayan civilization collapsed due to a century-long drought, new research suggests.
Minerals taken from Belize's famous underwater cave，known as the Blue Hole，as well as lagoons (环礁湖) nearby, show that an extreme drought occurred between A. D. 800 and A. D. 1,000, right when the Mayan civilization ended. After the rains returned, the Mayans moved north－but they disappeared again a few centuries later, and that disappearance occurred at the same time as another dry period, the sediments (沉积物)reveal.
Although the findings aren't the first to tie a drought to the end of the Mayan culture, the new results strengthen the case that dry periods were indeed the cause. That's because the data come from several spots in a region central to the Mayan heartland, said study co-author Andre Droxler, an Earth scientist at Rice University.
From A. D. 300 to A.D．700, the Mayan civilization flourished in the Yucatan peninsula. These ancient Mesoamericans built great pyramids, mastered astronomy, and developed both a writing system and a calendar system, which is famous for predicting that the world would end in 2012.
But in the centuries after A. D. 700, the civilization's building activities slowed and the culture fell into war and unrest.
The evidence for a drought has been growing in recent years. A 2012 study in the journal Science analyzed a 2,000-year-old stalagmite(石笋) from a cave in southern Belize and found that sharp decreases in rainfall coincided with periods of decline in the culture. But the data came from just one cave, which meant it was difficult to make predictions for the area as a whole，Droxler said.
To look for signs of drought, the team drilled the sediments in the Blue Hole of Lighthouse Lagoon, as well as one in the Rhomboid reef. The lagoons were surrounded on all sides by thick walls of coral reef. During storms or wetter periods, excess water runs off from rivers and
streams，overtops the retaining walls, and is deposited in a thin layer at the top of the lagoon. From there, all the sediments from these streams settle to the bottom of the lagoon, piling on top of each other and leaving a record of the historical climate.
The team found that during the period between A. D. 800 and A. D. 1,000, when the Mayan civilization collapsed, there were just one or two tropical cyclones (气旋) every two decades, as opposed to the usual five or six. After that, the Maya moved north, building at sites such as Chichen Itza, in what is now Mexico.
[语篇解读] 玛雅文化如何消失是一个神秘话题。新研究发现：古玛雅文化的消失可能与长达一个世纪的干旱有关。
1．What happened after an extreme drought between A．D. 800 and A. D. 1,000? A．The Mayans were suffering a heavy flood. B．The Mayans suddenly disappeared from the earth. C．The Mayans were often attacked by tropical cyclones. D．The Mayans moved to places in what is now called Mexico.
解析：D [细节理解题。根据第二段“After the rains returned, the Mayans moved north”和最后一段“After that, the Maya moved north，building at sites such as Chichen Itza, in what is now Mexico”可知D为正确选项。]
2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The achievements of the Mayan civilization. B．The prediction the Mayan civilization made. C．The effects the Mayan civilization had on humans. D．The background where the Mayan civilization began.
解析：A [段落大意题。根据第四段第一句“From A．D. 300 to A. D. 700, the Mayan civilization flourished in the Yucatan peninsula”以及后面举的例子可知本段主要介绍玛雅文明的繁荣。]
3．Why did the team drill the sediments in the Blue Hole of Lighthouse Lagoon? A．To learn how the Blue Hole came into being. B．To know what lies on the bottom of the lagoon. C．To study the record of the historical climate.
D．To see how excess water runs off from rivers and streams.
解析：C [细节理解题。根据第七段第一句“To look for signs of drought”和最后一句“leaving a record of the historical climate”可知C为正确选项。]
4．What did Andre Droxler think of the analysis of the 2,000-year-old stalagmite? A．Amazing. C．Reasonable.
B．Ridiculous. D．Unreliable.
解析：D [推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句“But the data came from just one cave, which meant it was difficult to make predictions for the area as a whole, Droxler said”可知来自一个洞穴的数据，很难对整个地区做出正确的预测。]
Ⅱ.完形填空(导学号02516361)
(2018·河北衡水中学一模)While I was waiting in line at a coffee shop earlier, a woman drove alongside the queue in a mobility scooter (踏板车). There was only a __1__ space between the line of people and the tables, which she __2__ to drive along. She drove over my foot and didn't __3__ saying nothing at all. I got annoyed and expected she would have __4__ ，but then I just decided to __5__ it and got down to selecting which pastry (点心) to go with my coffee. The lady and I ended up sitting at adjacent (邻近的) tables. She was on the end of a row so that she could park her __6__ . After about half an hour，when she had __7__ her coffee, she got up and back onto her scooter. It __8__ start. She tried to turn the key several times __9__ she telephoned the place she purchased (购买) it from.
An engineer __10__ within 5 minutes. The place must have been local. I couldn't __11__ overhearing (偷听) their conversation, and it turned out she had just __12__ the scooter that morning. This was her very first outing in it. She felt really __13__ about driving it. __14__ ，she wasn't used to its speed, nor its __15__ ， and this combination made it quite __16__ to drive it through narrow gaps.
Suddenly，I felt __17__ for the lady. It really didn't __18__ me at all that she'd driven over my foot. I had made an assumption, __19__ ， that a person doing that should apologize.
Next time you're about to __20__ someone，pause for a second and remind yourself that people have judged you without knowing what was going on in your mind or your life.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者在被一个第一次骑踏板车的女性轧到脚，又目睹了对方骑车时的不安以及无法启动车子的遭遇后，开始变得同情对方并最终原谅对方的故事。
1．A.private C．public
B．vast D．narrow
解析：D [考查形容词辨析。由第二段最后一句中的“to drive it through narrow gaps”可知，人群与桌子之间的空间狭小。D项意为“狭窄的”，符合语境。A项意为“私有的，私人的”；B项意为“巨大的”；C项意为“公共的”，均与语境不符。]
2．A.attempted C．declined
B．promised D．guaranteed
解析：A [考查动词辨析。根据上文可知，人群与桌子之间的空间很狭小；又根据下文中的“drive along”以及“She drove over my foot”可知，她试图从中穿过。A项意为“试图”，
