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Importance of Site Selection in Post Disaster Reconstruction Planning
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Content
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 2 2. Problem ........................................................................................................................ 3 3. Disaster Management .................................................................................................. 4 4. Emergency Management ............................................................................................. 7 5. Successful Reconstruction ........................................................................................... 8 6. Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 10 7. Reference: .................................................................................................................. 11
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1. Introduction
The threat from the natural and artificial disasters varies in different aspects. The aspects include the economy, business, life or even political regime in some conditions. From previous researches, it can be noted that the disasters throughout recent years have caused the economic damage of more than 1.193 billion dollars in America. In the regions of Asia and America, in the occupation of total economic damage, the damage elicited by the disaster was about 48% and 36% respectively, which indicates that the disaster can be the worst impact on a national economy. Another reason that disaster becomes the biggest threat to the human society is that it can cause large number of death when causing serious damage on economy. Generally, around 231 million people are influenced by the occasions of disaster annually, which occupies the portion of 3.5 precents of the total population in the world. In terms of death, developing countries suffer a lot from disasters than the counterpart for most developed countries. Common people in developing countries are vulnerable versus the coming of the disasters and the influence is lethal.
In order to deal with the influence of the disaster, a new concept named disaster management has been developed. Currently there are four phases in the process of disaster management. They are mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. In terms of recovery, the process of recovery is the reconstruction in the location where a disaster happened. Reconstruction contains two steps, which are building the accommodation for the victims and reconstructing the infrastructure, including the grid of traffic, the pipeline for the water supply and other systems maintain the operation of a city.
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In general experience, building shelters or accommodation for the victims of disasters is the primary thing to conduct in the process of recovery. Especially in the developing countries, where most of people cannot afford to buy insurance for rebuilding a new house after a disaster, the government has responsibility to provide the houses as permanent properties for the residents. Nowadays there are two forms of reconstruction after disaster. First is to provide tools and material which can be easily used to compose a house without much construction skills. In other words, the victims of the disasters can build their own houses or shelters with this type of material. The second form is that the government will invite private contractors or non-government organization to build the houses for the victims. Today this project will focus on the topic of reconstruction after disasters and discuss the common problem in this phase and applications in successful examples of the disaster reconstruction projects.
2. Problem
Two important factors in the reconstruction after disaster is the funding and the location, which are also the major problems in the project of reconstruction. The funding problem can be resolved by donations from different parties, such as individuals, other domestic regions or even foreign countries. However, the problem of finding suitable locations for the reconstruction can be a difficult obstacle obstructing the progress of the recovery. Most of the reconstruction projects can be done at the original positions as the disaster may not influence the ground condition and the condition of most of the buildings. However, for some special and dangerous disasters, such as earthquake, which is the
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