名词性从句
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是主句不可缺少的一部分，和句子的其他成分之间也不会用逗号隔开。而定语从句和状语从句是主句的修饰成分，去掉之后不会影响句子主体结构的完整性。这是判断是否是名词性从句最主要的依据。
一、判断下列各句含有什么名词性从句： 1. How he changes the plan is known to us all. 2. He told us about what he was thinking. 3. I wonder why she refused my invitation. 3. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
5. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 二．真题赏析
1. We were told that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week but for the week after. I didn’t understand ____ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation . (14高考)
2. The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ____ the boy would do . (12高考)
3. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected. One day，he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. (08高考)
4. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ______ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house. (07高考)
5. Perhaps ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected. 【2014上海】
6. It is difficult for us to imagine______ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 【2014山东】 7. ______ makes the game unique is that it helps children learn how to cope with problems in real life. 【2015上海】
8. As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 【2015全国课标卷】
9. Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. [2014全国大纲卷]
10. Police have found________ appears to be the lost ancient statue. [2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] A. which B．where 真题总结：
三．名词性从句的考点
考点一：名词性从句的引导词及其功能
C．how
D．what
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名词性从句 的引导词 对应的句子 类型 作 用 在从句中不作成分, 没有含义 从属连词 ___________ 对应陈述句 从属连词 ___________ 对应一般疑问句 在从句中不作成分, 意为“是否” 连接代词_____ ______ _________ ____________ ________ _____________ ____________ ____________ 对应特殊疑问句 连接副词 ______ ________ _______ ________ ______ _______在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语。which译为“________”，必须有明确的选择范围才可使用 __________在从句中作定语, 后面与名词连用; who在从句中作_____、_______或______; whom在从句中作_______ ________ _______ _______ _________在从句中作状语。(在句中都有相应含义)
(一) 主语从句 （主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。）引导主语从句的引导词主要有三类： 从属连词that，whether
连接代词what，who，whose，which, whatever，whichever，whoever 连接副词when，where，why，how
(1) ___________ he will come here to see us is certain. (2) ___________ he is free now is uncertain.
(3) It doesn't matter___________ he can attend our meeting. (4) __________ she wanted was not known to us. (5) __________this happened is not clear to anyone. (6) __________comes is welcome.
(7) ________dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
(8) _____________________________(使我大为惊讶的)was that such a little girl can play the violin so well. 注意：
1. 有时为了避免头重脚轻，可用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置。 (1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句
It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)＋that从句
It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success.
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well known，announced等)＋that从句 It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment. (4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that从句 It happened that I was away when he called.
(5). It +doesn’t matter(makes no difference)+wh-
It doesn’t matter whether you know my name or not.
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It makes no difference to me where we shall have the meeting. 2. 主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.
What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定. 1.When the meeting will begin _____ (have) not been decided yet .
2.When they will start and where they will go_______(have)still been unknown. 3.When and where the meeting will begin _____ (have) not been decided yet . 4. What he wants _____ some water. 5. What he wants _____these books.
(二) 宾语从句 (宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，可以放在及物动词，介词或形容词之后。）
引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类： 从属连词that，whether，if；
连接代词what，which，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever； 连接副词when，where，why，how；
I don't know__________ he still lives here after so many years.
Our success depends on__________ well we can cooperate with one another. We will punish _________ breaks the law.
He was deeply displeased by_________ had occurred that day. I'll just say ___________ comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。
I've been thinking about __________we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更有趣。
He differed from his classmates in ___________he devoted his spare time to reading. 他和他的同学们不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在阅读上。
He goes to the library every day except________ it is raining. 除了天下雨外，他每天都去图书馆。
注意： (1)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有adj, n做宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. We think it our duty that we should help others.
(2)有些动词(take, hide, see to, insist on, depend on)及表示好恶的动词（enjoy, hate, like, love, don't mind, resent 等）带宾语从句时习惯上在宾语从句前加it，it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容,常形成 like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate.......+it + if /when/that从句. I hate it when they talk with their mouths full. She hid it that she was married.
I'll see to it that your problem will be dealt with immediately. 我保证你的问题会立即得到处理的。
1. We all thought ______ a pity that we had missed the lesson. A. so B. this C. it D. that 2 . I took ______ for granted that they were not coming.
A. that B. this C. it D. So
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(3)若主句主语为第一人称，且谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
________________________________我认为这件外套不适合你穿。
(三) 表语从句（跟在系动词后面在复合句中作表语的从句叫作表语从句。) 引导表语从句的连接词主要有三类：
从属连词that，whether， as if/though, because; 连接代词what，who，whose，which, whom; 连接副词when，where，why，how ; It looked___________ it was going to rain.
The impression he makes on me is________________________(他是个可靠的人)。 The question is ______________________(我们是否能信任他) That’s ____________________________(正是我们所担心的) That is____________________(他出生的地方)
The reason____________________(她这么成功) is_____________________（她既聪明又勤奋） 注意：
1．主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。 The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much. 3. 常见的句型
(1)It looks / seems as if …好像……；仿佛…… (2)This is because… 这是因为……
(3)The reason why… is that… ……的原因是…… (4)That is why… 那是为什么……
(5)The question / problem is whether / when / where… 问题是……
(6)His dream / suggestion / aim / purpose is that …他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是……
(四) 同位语从句（接在抽象名词news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise, word，doubt等后面解释说明该抽象名词内容的从句叫同位语从句。）
There is no doubt_____________________________(汽车的价格会下降)
The problem_____________________________(我们是否应该继续这个实验)has been solved. The question ____________________________(谁该获这个奖)requires consideration. I have no idea________________________________(我应该选哪一个) I have no idea _________ he comes from.
He can’t answer the question ________ he got the money.
He gave us suggestions ________ we should get up earlier and take more exercise. I have no doubt ________ he will win. I have some doubt ________ he will win. 注意：
1．同位语从句一般用that引导，但偶尔也可以用连接代词(what，which，who，whose)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)引导。 I have no idea what has happened to him.
2．有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。 The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.
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