3. What to give as gifts?
The Chinese seem to be more practical in this respect. Money is the primary choice in many cases, such as for a friend’s wedding ceremony, for children during the Spring Festival, for parents, etc. Besides, the Chinese are careful about choosing different gifts and presents for different people according to their likes and needs. For example, they may choose tonics for the elderly, cigarettes and alcohol for relatives who drink and smoke, etc. Westerners seem to be more romantic when it comes to choosing gifts and presents. Common choices are flowers, chocolate, wine, etc., and in most cases a small gift is fine. 4. Question 1:
All of us must have sent gifts to or received them from our friends, family members, relatives, etc. What is the most memorable gift you have sent or received?
Gifts are memorable because they carry with them special meanings, suggest unforgetable people, or represent loving bond with family and friends. 5. Question 2:
In China, usually on what occasions are we expected to give gifts and what shall we choose for each occasion? Can you give some examples?
Occasions for giving gifts: a friend’s birthday party, a wedding ceremony, festivals or when we want to thank someone for his / her kindness, help, etc.
Text A The Rules for Gift Giving
1. interview n. 面试；访谈 interviewee n. 被接见者；被访问者；应聘者 interviewer n. 会见者；面谈者；进行面试者
1. I had a job interview today. I was interviewed by the general manager himself 2. The premier interviewed the trade delegation from Canada. 3. What questions will an interviewer ask an interviewee usually?
2. occasion n. 场合，时机 occasional adj. 偶尔的，不时的 occasionally adv. 偶尔，有时
1. We should dress formally on serious occasions. 2. She pays occasional visits to her former teacher. 3. She is not a heavy smoker, but smokes occasionally.
3. present vt. 给，赠送；介绍，引见 n. 礼物，礼品 adj. 出席的，到场的；现在的，现存的 presentation n. 介绍，陈述；赠送 1. May I present my friend to you?
2. The students presented a bunch of flowers to their teacher on Teacher’s Day. 3.About 300 people were present at the meeting.
4. At the present time the damage of the earthquake is not clear. 5. There will be a presentation of prizes right after the match
4. modest adj. 适度的；谦虚的，谦让的 modesty n. 谦虚，虚心 1. There has been a modest decrease in house prices this year. 2. She is very modest about the prize she has won
3. Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 5. require n. 需要，要求 require sb. to do sth. 要求某人干某事 require sth. of sb. 对某人有…的要求
1. We are required to obey the school rules and regulations.
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2. The flowers require watering, or they will wither soon.
3. This job requires a great sense of responsibility of its takers.
6. attention n. 注意，关心 pay attention to 关心，关注 give one’s attention to 关心，关注 call / draw sb.’s attention to sth. 促使某人注意某事 1. Attention, please. We will have an English quiz next week. 2.Your suggestion has come to our attention. 3. You should pay more attention to your studies. 4. Give your whole attention to what you are doing.
5. The teacher called / drew the students’ attention to the difference between the two words. 7. only when 只有在(某个特定的)时候
1. You can go only when you are asked to. 让你走你才能走。 2. Only when one falls ill does he know the value of health.
8. dyed adj. 染色的，染制的 dye v. 染 n. 染料；染色 1. Dyed cloth is a specialty of this small town. 2. She dyed her hair red.
3. Dyes come from plants or chemicals.
9. wrap v. 包装 wrap up 穿得暖和；结束，完成 be wrapped up in 埋头于…，全神贯注于…
1. I wrapped the blanket around my body to keep warm 2. Wrap up well; it is chilly outside.
3. The trade agreement was wrapped up after a few days’ negotiation. 4. She was wrapped up in her book and didn’t notice me at all
10. When you arrive at a party, you may present your gift to the host once the introductions are made. (Para. 2): When you arrive at a party, you may give your gift to the host right after you are presented to him and his family.
once: Here it is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time (时间状语从句), meaning the same as “as soon as” (一…就…).
1. Once printed, the book became a bestseller. 2. Once printed, the book became a bestseller.
11. Paper-cuts and dyed paintings are among the good choices for Chinese to present to foreign people. (Para. 7): Paper-cuts and dyed paintings are good choices for Chinese to give as gifts to foreigners. among: one of
12. Lovely wrapping paper makes the gift nice to look at. (Para. 8): The gift will look nice if it is wrapped in lovely wrapping paper.
make the gift nice to look at: This is a “make + object + adj.” structure which means “to cause to be”. Here the adjective is used as the object complement. More examples:
1. Her intelligence and diligence made her quite popular with the staff. 2. The scary movie made me too frightened to fall asleep.
We can also use v-ed forms, nouns and infinitive forms without “to” in place of the adjective in the structure. For example:
3. I had to shout to make myself heard in such a big crowd.
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4. Father made me wash the dishes after dinner. The preposition “at” at the end of the sentence cannot be omitted as “look at” is a phrasal verb used together with its object “the gift”. More examples:
5. This is the best flat for an old man to live in.
Grammar: 数词（Numerals）
表示“数目”和“顺序”的词叫数词。数词分成两大类：基数词和序数词。表示“多少”的词叫基数词，表示“第几”的词叫序数词。 一、基数词
1. 基数词的构成
(1)基数词中1—12是独立单词，13—19的基数词以后缀-teen结尾，20—90中整十位数词以后缀-ty结尾。比较 特殊的数词有：thirteen, fifteen (不是fiveteen), forty (不是fourty)。
(2) 表示其他两位数时，十位数与个位数之间加连字符。如: twenty-one, forty-five, eighty-three。
(3) 百位数与十位数之间，一般用and连接，其他位数之间不需加。如：1365 — one thousand, three hundred and sixty-five。 (4) 四位以上数字的表示：英语中有thousand, million, billion分别对应汉语中的千、百万和十亿，以三位数字为一组从右到左用逗号隔开，逗号从右到左依次读作thousand, million和billion。如1,296,751,287这一数字的读法是 one billion, two hundred and ninety-six million, seven hundred and fifty-one thousand, two hundred and eighty-seven。 2. 基数词的用法
(1)表示数目。如：two girls, forty letters, one hundred students, five thousand people。
注：表示确定数字时，ten, hundred, thousand, million后不加-s，但在某些表示概数的习语中，如“成百上千”、“成千上万”等，要加-s。如：hundreds of cars, thousands of children, millions of soldiers。
(2) 表示时间、年份等。如：at seven thirty (7:30), at eight fifteen (8:15), nineteen ninety-seven (1997), two thousand and five (2005)。 (3) 表示电话号码等。如：83376527 (eight three three, seven six five, two seven)，50996732 (five o nine, nine six seven, three two)。
(4) 表示书页、房间等的编号。如：Page twelve, Building No. five。 二、序数词
1. 序数词的构成
(1)一般由基数词加-th构成。如：fourth, sixth, eleventh等。但以下序数词为不规则变化：first(第一), second(第二), third(第三), fifth(第五), eighth(第八), ninth(第九), twelfth(第十二)。 (2) 以-ty结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把-y变为-i，再加-eth。如：twentieth, fortieth, fiftieth等。
(3) 两位数的基数词变序数词，十位数不变，个位数变序数词。如：twenty-one —twenty-first, thirty-two — thirty-second, fifty-five — fifty-fifth。 (4) 序数词可有缩写形式，由阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母构成。如：first — 1st, second — 2nd, third — 3rd, fourth — 4th, twenty-first — 21st, thirtieth — 30th, one hundred and fifth — 105th。 2. 序数词的用法
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(1) 表示顺序。如：
He is the first one to get to class every day. It is her second lunch today.
(2) “年、月、日”中，“日”往往用序数词。如： December 22nd, 1998 Jan. 1st, 2000
(3) 表示章、节等的编号也可用序数词。如：Lesson Five — the fifth lesson, Part IV — the fourth part, Act II — the second act。
Text B: Ferragamo’s Gift
Proper names:
1. Washington’s Birthday Sales: 华盛顿生日特卖会。美国每年在2月第三个星期一(华盛顿的生日是2 月2 2日)纪念美国第一任总统乔治·华盛顿的诞生， 又称“ 总统日” (President’s Day)，是美国重要假日之一。在这一天，商家们会推出各种特卖活动，吸引广大顾客光临 2. Salvatore Ferragamo: 萨尔瓦多·菲拉格慕(1898–1960)是来自意大利的制鞋名师。1914年他在好莱坞开设第一间纯手工制鞋的专卖店，受到一线明星们的亲睐和追捧。他创立的菲拉格慕集团如今是皮鞋、皮革制品、配件、服装和香氛的世界顶级制造商和一线品牌。 1. have difficulty in (doing) sth. 做某事有困难或障碍
1. He has difficulty in learning any language — Greek, Chinese, or whatever. 2. We are having difficulty in starting up the ship.
2. sign sb. up for 为某人报名参加（某活动或组织） 1. To sign up for membership, please fill in the form. 2. Mary’s brother didn’t sign up for the tennis club.
3. sale n. 出售；减价销售 for sale 出售；待售 on sale 出售；廉价出售，贱价抛售 after-sale service 售后服务 point of sale 销售点 direct sale 直销 1. I got this hat on a sale; it was very cheap.
2. As soon as the fresh vegetables come in, we put them on sale. 4. stuff vt. 塞满，填充
1. Employees stuff toys at a factory. 2. I stuffed my hands in my pockets.
5. fashion n. 时尚，流行 fashion design 服装设计；时尚设计 in fashion 合于时尚的，流行的 fashion show 时装秀，时装表演会 out of fashion 过时的，不流行的 fashion color 流行色 1. Most of our money goes on fashion. 2. Should we go after fashion or not? 6. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
1. The newspaper offered to apologize for the unreal report. 2. Our neighbor offered to help pick up our child from school 7. honor vt. 尊敬，给予荣誉 in honor of: 向…致敬，向…表示敬意；为庆祝… honorable adj. 可敬的，光荣的
1. I have the honor to introduce the great scientist to you. 2. The Chinese make a point of their personal honor. 3. They ran up a flag in honor of the president’s visit.
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