西南大学本科毕业论文（设计）
目 录
摘要 ........................................................................................................................................ I Abstract ................................................................................................................................ II 0文献综述 ............................................................................................................................ 1
0.1转向系统概况 .......................................................................................................... 1 0.2前桥概况 .................................................................................................................. 2 1引言 .................................................................................................................................... 4 2汽车主要参数的确定 ........................................................................................................ 4
2.1轴距L ....................................................................................................................... 4 2.2前轮距和后轮距 ...................................................................................................... 4 2.3整车整备质量 .......................................................................................................... 5 2.4汽车的装载质量 ...................................................................................................... 5 2.5质量系数 .................................................................................................................. 5 2.6汽车满载总质量 ...................................................................................................... 7 2.7轴荷分配 .................................................................................................................. 7 2.8轮胎选择 .................................................................................................................. 7 2.9最小转弯直径 .......................................................................................................... 8 2.10数据的确定 ............................................................................................................ 8 3转向系统设计 .................................................................................................................... 9
3.1汽车转向基本特性 .................................................................................................. 9 3.2转向系统设计要求和主要性能参数 ...................................................................... 9
3.2.1转向系统设计要求 ........................................................................................ 9 3.2.2转向系传动比 .............................................................................................. 10 3.2.3 转向器效率 ................................................................................................. 12 3.2.4转向系设计参数的确定 .............................................................................. 13 3.3循环球式转向器设计 ............................................................................................ 13
3.3.1转向系计算载荷的确定 .............................................................................. 13 3.3.2主要尺寸参数选择 ...................................................................................... 14
西南大学本科毕业论文（设计）
3.3.3螺杆、钢球、螺母传动副 .......................................................................... 14 3.3.4齿条，齿扇传动副 ...................................................................................... 15 3.3.5循环球式转向器零件强度计算 .................................................................. 18 3.4整体式转向梯形机构设计 .................................................................................... 19
3.4.1整体式转向梯形机构数学模型分析 .......................................................... 19 3.4.2 基于Matlab的整体式转向梯形机构优化设计 ........................................ 22
4转向从动桥设计 .............................................................................................................. 28
4.1转向从动桥主要零件参数确定 ............................................................................ 28 4.2转向从动桥主要零件设计计算 ............................................................................ 30
4.2.1制动工况下的前梁强度计算 ...................................................................... 31 4.2.2在侧滑情况下的前梁强度计算 .................................................................. 32 4.2.3转向节在制动和侧滑工况下的强度计算 .................................................. 34 4.2.4主销与转向节衬套在制动和侧滑工况下的强度计算 .............................. 35 4.2.5转向节推力轴承的计算 .............................................................................. 37
5结论 .................................................................................................................................. 37 参考文献 ............................................................................................................................. 38 致谢 ..................................................................................................................................... 39
西南大学本科毕业论文（设计）
汽车转向系统及前桥设计
西南大学工程技术学院，重庆 400716
摘要：随着汽车的普及，对于汽车的各项性能指标和操纵感受也更加重视。而转向系统和转向桥工作环境复杂多变，其关系着整车的安全性和操纵性，因此对转向系统和车桥的设计提出了更高的要求。
本论文对转向系统与前桥的工作性能方面进行设计。秉着兼顾安全性、舒适性、稳定性、经济性及减轻质量的原则对转向系统和前桥的现状、结构、分类和工作原理进行了深入的对比分析，从而选出最优方案进行设计；对结构进行强度校核以达到可靠性良好的目的；对重要部件的参数进行优化，使之更接近理论期望值。 关键词：转向系统；前桥；最优化
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西南大学本科毕业论文（设计）
The Designs of Steering system and Front axle
Luo You
College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
Abstract：We pay more attention to each performance index and manipulate feelings for
cars with the popularity of cars.The complexity of working environment of front axle and steering system is related with the safety and maneuverability.So weshouldmention higher requirements forthe design of steering system and frontaxle.
Thethesis is about the design of the performance aspect of the front axle and steering system.Taking consideration of safety, comfort, stability, economy and lightweight,it analyses thoroughlymany aspects of the steering system and front axle,including present situation,structure, classification and working principle.So the best program is gotten.checking the strength of constructureis to get good reliability;For making it more close to the theoretical expectations, it is necessary to Optimize the parameters of the important parts.
Key Words：steering system;front axle;optimization
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