2015年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类 摸底 试题 （2小时）
第1部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)
1 At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened. A give B understand C attach D lose 2 They converted the spare bedroom into an office.
A reduced B moved C turned D reformed 3 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.
A spend B take C last D stand 4 He inspired many young people to take up the sport. A allowed B encouraged C called D advised 5 The storm caused severe damage． A serious B physical C accidental D environmental 6 I think￡7 for a drink is a bit steep, don’t you? A tight B low C cheap D high 7 Do we have to wear these name tags?
A lists B forms C labels D codes
8 Most babies can take in a wide range of food easily. A bring B keep C serve D digest
9 Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted,“Joe,Joe,Joe!” A repeated B jumped C maintained D approached 10 What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.
A shocks B influences C confuses D concerns 11 His shoes were shined to perfection.
A cleared B washed C mended D polished 12 We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference. A offered B included C investigated D accepted
13 Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do. A saying B doubting C thinking D knowing 14 She always finds fault with everything.
A simplifies B evaluates C examines D criticizes
15 The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular. A magnificent B general C traditional D strong
第2部分：阅读判断(第16-22题.每题l分, 共7分)
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit? The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad hams are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits, like sucking our thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes a part of our We, and becomes “programmed” into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study programme, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same pictures again, and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures，and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their
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answers were split between the first set of words and the second Two weeks later, they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. We may try to change our ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behaviour. This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previously learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.
16 Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do so. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Bad habits may return when we are under pressure. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Researchers were surprised by the answers that the volunteers gave in the first test. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond to what we learn first A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意 (每题l分, 共8分)
Friendly Relations with the people Around
1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness（归属）that you must have to feel secure. But, In fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himself in bound（一定的）to be a lonely wolf.
2 The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.
3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don’t know them. When the game is over, you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.
4 An experience of this kind gives the clue线索to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companions become friends when these ties are formed. 5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances熟人, you may not know with whom you will make friends, but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.
23 Paragraph2 _____ 23 Paragraph3 __ 23 Paragraph4 _______ 23 Paragraph5 ____
A Close Link Between Companionship and Belongingness B How to Satisfy Other People’s Needs C An Example of a Satisfying Relationship D Difficulties in Establishing Friendships E What Companionship Really Is F Making Friends With New Acquaintances 27 If you had no one to share your feelings, your life would be ____________. 28 The warm feeling of belongingness may give you ____________.
29 The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you ____________. 30 You will find it hard to make friends with people _______________.
A sad and lonely B emotionally healthy C without real love for them D a sense of security E a lonely wolf F without pity
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第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45 题，每题3分，共45分) 第一篇 An Expensive Mistake
Is there water on the planet Mars? Is there life on Mars? Was there ever life on Mars? Scientists from NASA wanted to know the answers to these questions. They built a spacecraft to travel around Mars and get information. The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate Orbiter.
The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars in December 1998. The trip took nine and a half months. At first, everything was fine. However，when the Orbiter got near Mars, something terrible happened. The spacecraft didn’t go to the right place. It went too close to Mars. It was too hot for the Orbiter there. The spacecraft couldn’t function correctly. Suddenly, it stopped sending messages to NASA. The Orbiter was lost.
How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter get closer to Mars than the scientists planned? Finally, they found the answer. Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter. One team was in England, and one team was in the United States, There were many similarities in the way they worked, but there was one important difference： The teams used different guidelines for measuring things. The United States team used the metric system (公制) The other team used the English system.
Because they used different systems, the scientists made a mathematical mistake. The Orbiter’s orbit (the shape and pattern of its path) around Mars was not correct. The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong path. The Orbiter got too close and too hot, and it stopped functioning.
Why didn’t anybody see the mistake before it was too late? Many things contributed to the problem. One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spacecrafts at the same time. This was a challenge, and they were very tired from working long hours.
The Mars Climate Orbiter cost $94 million to build, it also cost a lot of money to try to find the lost Orbiter in space. In addition, NASA's research on the cause of the problem was very expensive. This wasn’t the first time that two different measurement systems caused mistakes in scientific projects. However, the Mars Climate Orbiter was definitely the most expensive mistake of all! 31 NASA built the Mars Climate Orbiter to get information about_______
A possible life on Mars B the size of Mars C the shape of Mars D the atmosphere of Mars 32 How long did it take the Orbiter to get close to Mars?
A one year B less than one year C about two and a half years D More than three years 33 When did the Orbiter's problem begin?
A Right after it left for Mars. B Right after it landed on Mars. C When it got near Mars. D When it returned to Earth. 34 What caused the Orbiter's problem?
A Scientists used wrong guidelines of mathematics. B Scientists used wrong building materials. C Scientists used different measurement systems. D Scientists used different operating systems. 35 Why didn't NASA scientists identify the problem before the Orbiter left for Mars?
A They didn't know the English system. B They were tired from working long hours. C They were sure of the success of the trip. D They didn't get enough research funding. 第二篇
Shark Attack
Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard冲浪板, scanning the distance for his next wave, when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark the front of his board. I could have touched its eye with my elbow, says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly/silently that he hadn’t heard/detected a thing.
In his horror/fear and confuse, he waved his arm and accidentally /by accident cut two of his fingers on shark’s tooth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water, and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swim/swam away, disappearing into the water below.
Although sharks are often categorized/classified as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3000 teeth arranged in several rows, they could very easy kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it then, that most people survive after attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.
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The most common explanation is that great whites don’t see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet.There is reason to doubt this. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also, when attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high-fat meal. They spit us out because we are too bony slim
Shark researchers hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. It is possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information. Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig when sharks bit surfboards or other objects or people, they are likely just trying to learn what they are.
1. Which of the following is not true of Craig?
A. He didn’t hear the shark before it bit his board. B. He touched the shark’s eye with his elbow. C. His two fingers were bit off by the shark.
D. The shark left without attacking him after he fell into the water. 2 Which of the following can best replace “terrified” in line 2 of Para 1. A surprised, B shocked C frightened D delighted 3. The fact that the great sharks______ puzzled the author.
A. have a large number of teeth B. grow to six meters or more
C. allow humans to escape D. eat as many humans as possible 4. What does Para 4 mainly deal with?
A. Great whites eat low-fat, bony meals more slowly
B. great whites see well enough to include seals, sea lions, and humans in their diet. C. we now know great whites don’t mistake humans for other animals
D. there is reason to doubt that great whites see well enough to attack humans. 5. What is false according to Martin?
A. Great sharks are curious. B. Great sharks use their bite to learn about things. C. Great sharks don’t like low-fat meal. D. Great sharks always spit out bony humans.
第三篇 Operation Migration
If you look up at the sky in the early fall in the northern part of North America, you may see groups of birds. These birds are flying south to pieces where they can find food and warmth for the winter. They are migrating (迁徙) The young birds usually learn to migrate from their parents. They follow their parents south. In one unusual case, however, the young birds are following something very different. These birds are young whooping cranes, and they are following an airplane!
The whooping crane is the largest bird that is native to North America. These birds almost disappeared in the 1800s. By 1941,there were only about 20 cranes alive. In the 1970s ,people were worried that these creatures were in danger of disappearing completely. As a result，the United States identified whooping cranes as an endangered species that they needed to protect.
Some researchers tried to help. They began to breed whooping cranes in special parks to increase the number of birds. This plan was successful. There were a lot of new baby birds. As the birds became older, the researchers wanted to return them to nature. However, there was a problem : These young birds did not know how to migrate. They needed human help.
In 2001, some people had a creative idea. They formed an organization called Operation Migration. This group decided to use very light airplanes, instead of birds, to lead the young whooping cranes on their first trip south. They painted each airplane to look like a whooping crane. Even the pilots wore special clothing to make them look like cranes. The cranes began to trust the airplanes, and the plan worked.
Today, planes still lead birds across approximately 1，200 miles (1,931 kilometers)，from the United States-Canadian border to the Gulf of Mexico. They leave the birds at different sites. If a trip is successful, the birds can travel on their own in the future. Then, when these birds become parents, they will teach their young to migrate. The people of Operation Migration think this is the only way to maintain the whooping crane population.
Operation Migration works with several other organizations and government institutes. Together, they assist hundreds of cranes each year. However, some experts predict that soon, this won't be necessary. Thanks to Operation Migration and its partners, the crane population will continue to migrate. Hopefully, they won’t need human help any more.
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