Review of units 1-3知识讲解
一. 重点词汇 1. as
as作为连词,引导时间状语从句,“当……的时候”,一般用于一般过去时。 例如:
As he explored the sea,he took a lot of pictures. 他在探海时,拍了许多照片。
还可以引导原因状语从句,只说明一般的因果关系,语气比because弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句通常放在句首,有时也放在句尾。 例如:
As the car is expensive,we can’t buy it. 由于汽车太贵,我们买不起。 As everybody has come,we can set off. 既然大家都到了,我们可以动身了。 as soon as 一……就 例如:
As soon as he arrived in France,he called me. 他一到法国,就给我打电话。 as…as… 表示双方程度相等,“和……一样”。 基本句式:
A、主语+谓语(系动词)+as+原级形容词+as… 例如:
Xiao Li is as tall as his brother. 小李和他哥哥一样高。 Your jacket is as new as mine. 你的茄克衫和我的一样新。 B、主语+谓语(行为动词)+as+ 原级副词 +as… 例如:
He speaks French as fluently as you. 他说法语和你说得一样流利。
Wang Ying teaches maths as conscientiously as her sister.王莹教数学和她姐姐一样认真。
2. a few;few;a little;little
few或a few在句中修饰可数名词,后接可数名词复数;也可用来代替复数名词。
其中few表示否定,意为“几乎没有”,a few则表示肯定,意为“有一些”。 例如:
Few people lived here many years ago.许多年前几乎没有人住在这儿。
Look!You made a few mistakes in your homework. 看!你在作业中出了几处错。
little或a little在句中修饰或代替不可数名词。其中little表示否定,意为“几乎没有”,a little表示肯定,意为“有一点”。 例如:
—How much wine did he have last night? 昨天晚上他喝了多少酒? —Just a little. 只喝了一点点。
Hung up,we have little time left. 快点,我们没有多少时间了。
a little还常用来修饰形容词、副词、动词,也可以修饰形容词或副词的比较级。 例如:
All of them felt a little tired.So they stopped to have a rest. 他们都感到有点累,所以他们停下来休息。
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Lucy runs a little faster than I.露茜跑得比我快一点。 3. a little和a bit
a bit和a little通常可互换,也可修饰动词、形容词、副词。但在修饰名词时有区别:a little可直接修饰不可数名词;而a bit则要与of搭配才能修饰名词。 如:
Please open the windows.It's a bit hot.请把窗户打开,有点热。
This morning he only had a bit of milk for breakfast.今天早上他早餐只喝了一点牛奶。 注意:
not…a little意为“非常、很多、不少”,相当于very或quite等;而not…a bit则表示“一点也不”,相当于not at all等。 例如:
The boy isn't a bit hungry. 那男孩一点也不饿。 The boy isn't a little hungry.那男孩非常饿。 4. besides,except,but
这三个词都可以用来表示转折,但是用法有所区别: (1)except与besides 用于肯定句时,except意为“除…外(不再有)”;besides意为“除…外(还有)”: 例如:
We all passed the exam besides Tom. 除了汤姆外,我们也都及格了(汤姆也及格了)
注意:
besides在句中的位置较活,可放在句首,亦可放在句中或句末;而except多放在句尾。
(2)except前几乎总有all,any,every,no及其复合词等词,而besides前面可用也可不用,依句意而定: 例如:
He answered all the questions except the last one. 除最后一个问题没答外,其余问题他都答了。
All of them went to Beijing last summer besides Tom. 除了汤姆外,他们去年夏天也都去过北京。
(3)except,but,besides用于否定句时,可以互换。 如:
There aren’t any other people to be considered besides/except/but you. 除你之外,其他人将不予考虑。
I didn’t look anywhere besides/except in your bedroom. 除了你的卧室外,我哪儿也没去找。
(4)but和except都可以和for连用,构成短语;也可跟 that 从句做宾语。 如:
l asked nothing from him but/except that he should write to me every other week.
我只要求他每两周给我写一封信。
You can't succeed in the exam but/except that you will work still harder.
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你若不比以前学习更用功些,是不可能考上的。 二. 重点句型 1. There be …
是“某处有某人或某物”的句型表示“存在”,注意:本句型要用就近一致的原则。 另外,There be句型有一些扩展形式:There + live(lie,stand,come,go)+主语+其它。 如:
(1)Once upon a time,there lived a king. (2)There goes the bell.
(3)On the hill(there)stands a house.
注意此句:There will have a class meeting this Thursday afternoon.是错误的。
应将其改为:There will be a class meeting this Thursday afternoon.
对there be句型中的主语提问时,无论主语是单数还是复数都用“What’s + 地点状语?” 如:
There are five apples on the plate.→What’s on the plate?
2. too…to,so…that…和enough to do sth. 的句式在一定的情况下可以互换。 (1)在肯定句中含so … that …的复合句可以转换成含有enough to do sth. 结构的句子。
如:
He worked so hard that he finished the work in time. →He worked hard enough to finish the work in time.
If your son feels well enough to watch TV by then,he’ll be fine after the game.
→If your son feels so well that he can watch TV by then,he’ll fine after the game.
(2)在具有否定意义的句中,三者可以相互转换,但应注意too…to在和enough to do sth. 与so…that…转换时,应用句中形容词的反义词或将that从句改为否定句。 如:
He is too young to join the army.
→He is so young that he can’t join the army. 或:He isn’t old enough to join the army.
(3)如果so…that…结构中主句和从句的主语不是一致的,应在enough to do sth和too…to结构中的不定式前加上“for sb.(sth.)”的短语。 如:
English is so useful that all of us should learn it well. →English is useful enough for us to learn well.
The maths problem is so difficult that I can’t work it out. →The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out.
或: The maths problem isn’t easy enough for me to work out. 3. like后既可接动词-ing形式,也可接动词不定式。含意却有所不同。 如:
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He likes swimming in Summer.(表示习惯爱好) It’s very hot. He would like to(have a)swim. (表示具体的一次行为):hate等也有类似的用法。 三. 综合检测
Ⅰ. 看图,根据句意将单词填写完整。
1. The new hospital is a big b_ _l_ _ng.
2. Some sc_ _nt_ _ts believe that there will be such robots in the future.
3. They help their mother with the h_ _s_ _ork.
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