中考英语同义词、近义词、相似词语辨析
郝小兴
选择填空。
1. He a lot of time playing computer games on weekends. A. takes B. costs C. pays D. spends
2. The clothes in that shop are quite beautiful, but most of them too much.
A. pay B. spend C. take D. cost
3. We will Beijing at about five o’clok tomorrow morning.
A. arrive at B. arrive in C. reach to D. get 4. Today Jim his white shirt and brown trousers. A. is putting on B. is wearing C. is dressing D. in 5. Is the woman yellow your teacher? A. in B. putting on C. wearing D. dressing 6.—Bob, may I your MP4?
—Sure. But you’d better not it to others.
A. keep; lend B. lend; borrow C. borrow; keep D. borrow; lend
7. Don’t forget to “Thank you” when someone opens the door for you.
A. tell B. say C. speak D. talk
8.Our newspaper represents the of the people. A. shout B. noise C. voice D. cry
9. Let’s get some about tourism on the Internet. A. information B. message C. invention D. book
10.—Could you give me two on how to learn English well? —Sure.
A. suggestions B. messages C. information D. advice
11. We’re busy because we have so housework to do today. A. few B. little C. many D. much
12. There is milk at home. We have to buy some this afternoon. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
13. —I’d like grapes and pears. —Oh, I only need orange juice.
A. some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D. a little; a few 14. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but of them came. A. neither B. either C. none D. both
15.—There’s coffee and tea; you can have . —Thanks.
A. either B. each C. one D. it
16.“Have try, you are so close to the answer,”the teacher said to Eric.
A. the other B. one another C. other D. another
17. My sister has two skirts. One is yellow; is black. A. other B. another C. others D. the other are needed.
A. tn another nurses B. more ten nurses C. other ten nurses D. another ten nurses 19. Sam looks like his dad. They are tall. A. either B. any C. all D. both
20. —Which of the two T－shirts will you take?
—I’ll take , one for my brother, the other for myself. A. either B. neither C. all D. both
21.—What the number of the students in your school? —About two thousands. A number of them from England. A. is ; are B. is ; is C. are ; is D. are ; are
22. the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are teachers.
A. A number of ; women B.A number of ; woman C. The number of ; women D. The number of ; woman 23.—Guess how much it costs?
—I think it costs 15 and 20 dollars. A. from B. between C. among D.with
24.—What do you often do classes to relax yourself?
18. We don’t have enough nurses to look after the patients. At least
—Listen to music.
A. over B. among C. between D. through 25.—The cake looks . —Yes, and it tastes even _______.
A. well ; good B.nice ; better C. good; worse D. better; best 26. I didn’t sleep ______ last night. I feel tired now. A. well B. nice C. fine D. good 27.—_______ do you visit your grandparents? —Once a week.
A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How many
28.—_______ will the 30th London Olympic Games be held, do you know? —In two years.
A. How long B. How often C. How soon D.How much
29.—Granny, you look so weak. What’s wrong with you? —Terrible. The factory made _______ noise. It was ______ noisy that I couldn’t sleep well last night.
A. too much; so B. much too; so C. too much; too D. too much; much too 30.—Has John come _______?
—Yes. He has ______ been here for 10 minutes.
A. yet ; already B. already ; yet C. already ; already D. yet ; yet
【辨析与讲解】
1.spend，take，cost，pay
Spend的宾语通常是时间、金钱。在主动语态中，句子的主语必须是人，而且后面不能用动词不定式作宾语。如：
She spent the whole evening（in）reading.她把整个晚上用来读书。 take常用来指“花费”时间，句子的主语通常是表示事物的词。如： How long will this job take you？你做这项工作要花多长时间？
cost指花费时间、金钱或力气等，只能用表示事物的词作主语，且不能用于被动语态。如：
How much does the jacket cost？这件夹克多少钱？
pay主要指主语（某人）买某物（或为某事）付多少钱（给某人）。如：
I pay for my rooms by month.我按月支付房租。 2. arrive，get，reach
三者均可表示“到达”，arrive后通常接介词at（一般用于较小的地方）或in（一般用于较大的地方）。如：
We arrived at the station five minutes late.我们晚了5分钟到达车站。 get 之后通常接介词to。如：
When we got to the park，it began to rain.我们到达公园时，就开始下雨了。
reach是及物动词（较get更正式），其后可直接跟地点名词作宾语（后面不能接介词）。如：
He reached Beijing yesterday.他昨天到达北京。 3.speak，say，talk，tell
这四个动词都有“说”的意思。speak的意思是“讲话；演讲”，着重指说话的动作，指开口说或连续不断地说，多用作不及物动词；用作及物动词时，其宾语常是表示语言的词。如：
He can speak Japanese.他会说日语。
Say的意思是“说；讲”，一般用作及物动词，着重指说话的内容，它的宾语可以是名词、代词或直接引语等。如：
She says，“Don’t draw on the wall!”她说：“别在墙上画画”！
Talk的意思是“说；讲；谈话”，与speak的意义比较接近，但不如speak正式，着重强调两人之间的相互谈话，也可指单方面的讲话。如：
She is talking with John in English.她正在和约翰用英语交谈。
tell意为“告诉；讲述；吩咐”，多指以口头方式将某事告诉某人，常接双宾语。除为story，news，truth，joke，lie（谎言）等直接宾语外，还可以接人等间接宾语。如：
She is telling the children a story.她正在给孩子们讲故事。 4.bring，take，carry，fetch
这四个词都是动词，都含有“带”或“拿”的意思，但使用的场合各不相同。 bring作“带来；拿来”解。如：
Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work.下次不要忘了带一份你的作品给我。
take是bring的对语，作“带去，拿去”解。如： Take the box away，please.请把盒子拿走。
Carry表示“运载；携带”，运送的方式很多，可以用车、船，也可以用手甚至用头。
