注释:
1. copying and pasting: 复制和粘贴
2. without stopping to think: 没有停下来想一下。\动词不定式\是\停下来去做某件事\，\动名词\是\停止做某件事\。例如: We stopped to rest for a while. 我们停下来休息一会儿。He stopped smoking. 他停止抽烟。
3. ...started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks. 使广大计算机用户开始踏上一条依赖鼠标完成常规计算机工作的道路。computer public: 广大计算机用户。road to 中的to是介词，所以后接动名词relying。 4. mounted on either side = mounted on both sides
5. So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used. 到目前为止，我们只限于讨论大多数人应该拥有或用过的基本型的计算机鼠标。 练习:
1. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2. According to the author，general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3. The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body，which looks like the tail of a mouse.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4. The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5. When an ordinary computer mouse gefs dirty，it has to be replaced with a new one. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6. The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7. The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no moving parts. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 答案与题解:
1. B 题句的意思是大多数计算机使用者都想了解鼠标的工作原理。这与短文的介绍不符。短文第一段第三句说，大多数计算机使用者天天用计算机，却没有想到要了解一下鼠标的工作原理。题句的信息是错误的，故答案为B。
2. C 题句表达的意思是，短文作者认为一般计算机使用者无须了解鼠标是如何发明的。题句表达的内容短文中找不到，故答案为C。
3. A 题句说鼠标的名称源自鼠标主体拖出的一根看上去像鼠尾巴的电线，这与短文第三段倒数第二句、第三句所介绍的信息相符，所以，本题选项A是正确答案。
4. A短文的第三段说到，鼠标的部件有滚动部件如滚球，还有光电装置如二极管等。二极管将光信号转换为电信号，传送到计算机，计算机根据收到的电信号作出相应的反应，因此，二极管是鼠标的主要部件，而滚轮等只是辅助性的机械部件。题句对短文信息的推断是正确的，故答案为A。
5. B 题句说鼠标脏了，就得更换新的。这一说法与短文包含的信息不符。第一段第三句和末段倒数第二句都提到，鼠标脏了，可以擦干净再用。题句的信息是错误的，故答案为B。
6. C题句说，当前市场上出售的最耐用的鼠标是IBM生产的鼠标。这一说法短文中找
不到，故答案为C。
7. A末段说到光电鼠标因为没有普通鼠标使用的滚动部件，所以不会吸附灰尘，用不着擦拭，这是一种新型的鼠标。题句是对短文信息的一种合理推断，所以选项A是正确的。 第六篇 How We Form First lmpression
1 We all have first impression Of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about Someone without really knowing anything about him or her -aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.
2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes，ears，nose，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as differene1.In fact，your brain continuously process incoming sensory information- the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming \areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals \
3 If you see someone you know and like at school3，your brain says \you see someone new，it says，\，threatening\features of this stranger with other \，weight，dress ，ethnicity ， gestures ，and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics ，the more your brain may say，This is new. I don't like this person\，\brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestures-like your other friends; so your brain says: \ 4 When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history，interest，values，strengths，and true character - we categorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks.
5 However，if we resist initial stereotypical impressions，we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life，hopes，dreams，and become aware of the person's character，we use a different，more mature style of thinking- and the most complex areas of our cortex，which allow us to be humane. 词汇:
trait /trei，treit/n. 特点，特征，特性 host/h?ust/ n. 一大群，许多
simplistic /sim'plistik/ adj. 过分单纯化的 sensory/'sens?ri/ adj. 感官的，感觉的 categorical /k?ti'g?rikl/ adj. 绝对的 cortex /'k?:teks/ n. 脑皮层 jock /d??k/ n. 骗子 ethnicity /eθ'nis?ti/ n. 种族特点 geek /gi:k / n. 反常的人 intrigue /in'tri:g/ v. 激起兴趣
stereotype /'steri?taip/ v. 对……产生成见 freak /fri:k/ n. 怪人 humane /hju:'mein，hju-/ adj. 有人情味的，人文的 注释:
1. Your ?rain，is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes ，ears ，nose ，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. 从 even 开始到 as different 是个结果状语从句，相当于that even very minor ... ，而 that 是与主句中的 so 呼应的。 2. against:和……对比
3. If you see someone you know，and like school ... :如果你在学校里看到某个你认识而且喜欢的人……，like在这里是动词。
4. dead wrong: 相当于completely wrong dead wrong是口语表达用语。 练习:
1. Paragraph 2_____ 2. Paragraph 3_____ 3. Paragraph 4_____ 4. Paragraph 5_____
A Ways Of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions B Comment on First Impression C Illustration Of First Impression
D Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories E Threatening Aspect of First Impressions
F Differences Among Jocks，Geeks and Freaks
5. Sensory information is one that is perceived through_____.
6. You interpret _____ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain. 7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking，which is similar to_____. 8. We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_____. A a stranger's less mature type of thinking B the most complex areas of our cortex
C the immature form of thinking of a very young child D the meaning of incoming sensory information E the sights and sounds of the world
F an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking 答案与题解:
1. D 本段叙述的是人脑解读感官信息的过程。
2. C 本段举例说明第一印象解读的过程，将第二段叙述的内容具体化。
3. B 本段对第一印象进行了评论，说第一印象不成熟，simplistic and categorical。
4. A 本段说如果我们与某个人多接触，了解他的生活、希望、梦想和性格特征，我们对该人的认识就不会停留在第一印象的阶段，而是进入一个更深的层次。 5. E 选 E 的依据在第二段的第三句。
6. D 选 D 的依据在第二段的最后两句。sensory information 的意思就是information perceived through sensory organs (视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉、嗅觉等)。
7. C 选 C 的依据在第四段的第一句，该句是:When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. 8. B 选 B 的依据在第五段第二句。
第十篇 Washoe Learned American Sign Language
1 An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community1 and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language2 . She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate3 about primates and their ability to understand language.
2 Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969，the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who
experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand4 about 250 words. For example，Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like，\spread，many language scientists began studies of their own6 into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.
3 However，critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory，and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners7 . He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg，Washington. There，Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees，which are still alive.
4 Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe8 Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today，there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time. 5 Debate continues about chimps' understanding of human communication. Yet，one thing is sure - Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence. 词汇：
chimpanzee /t?imp?n'zi: / n. 黑猩猩 critic /'kritik/ n. 评论家，批评家 community /ka'mju:niti/ n. 社区，圈子 workings n. 活动，运行
primate / 'praimeit / n. 灵长类动物 chimp /t?imp/n. = chimpanzee 黑猩猩 注释:
1. in the scientific community:在科学界，在科学家的圈子里
2. American Sign Language ( ASL) :美国手语。利用手、脸部表情、身体姿势表达思想的美聋哑人语言。在加拿大、墨西哥等地也使用 ASL。ASL与British Sign Language (BSL，英国手语)不同，两者不能相互理解。
3. led to debate:引起辩论。lead to意为\导致\，to为介词，debate为名词。 4，…she grew to understand about 250 words:…她逐渐掌握了约 250 个单词。grow to 是\渐渐\的意思。
5. once:一旦。once是连接词。例如:Children like to cycle once they have learned how. 小孩一旦学会了如何骑自行车，就会喜欢上它。
6. of their own:属于自己的。of their own 的含义与 on their own 不同，on their own 是\独自\的意思。
7. the Gardners: Gardner夫妇
8. Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe ... :像个体研究者Jane Goodall这样的科学家相信......，like，(像，跟……一样)是介词，本句的谓语是 believe。句子中的 private researcher意为\不受雇于任何单位，自己独立工作的科研人员\。 练习:
1. Paragraph 1_____ 2. Paragraph 2_____ 3. Paragraph 3_____ 4. Paragraph 4_____
A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research Nowdays B Report about Washoe'.s Progress in Learning Sign Language C Genera1 Information about Washoe
