非谓语动词2013复习学案

2026/1/27 7:01:57

初中英语非谓语动词

实验中学 萧东来 2013-04

非谓语动词:不作谓语使用的动词。

其形式有四种:不定式、现在分词、动名词和过去分词 非谓语动词的基本含义:

1.不定式 to do 表示还没有做.(否定形式是not to do) 2.动名词doing 表示经常性习惯性的动作 3.现在分词doing 表示主动或进行. 4.过去分词done 表示被动或完成. 重要考点:

一、不定式;-ing形式;-ed形式 二、省略to的不定式(动词原形); 三、带to与不带to意思不同的情况; 四、只用-ing做宾语的动词 五、只用to的不定式做宾语的动词

一、只跟v-ing作宾语的动词(10个)

enjoy欣赏; finish完成; keep保持; mind介意; practice练习; suggest建议;

dislike不喜欢 consider考虑 keep 保持 imagine设想

二、只跟v-ing的短语(17个)

feel like doing sth. 喜欢做某事; be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事;

be worth doing 值得做某事; spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事;have fun doing sth 做某事高兴 give up doing..放弃做

put off doing. 推迟做 can’t help doing... 情不自禁地去做

can’t stand doing... 不能忍受做 look forward to doing.. .盼望做

be use to doing... 习惯做 prefer ( doing ) to ( doing ) 喜欢做??不喜欢做 There is someone doing... 有人正在做 Thanks for doing... 因…而感谢 succeed in doing... 成功做… pay attention to doing....注意做... have difficult/trouble/problem ( in) doing sth 做某事有困难;

三、介词后用v-ing形式(短语10个)

(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by,except等)

be good at doing sth. 擅长做某事 thank you for doing sth. 感谢做某事 do well in doing sth. 在某方面做的好 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事

be interested in doing sth. 做某事感兴趣 instead of;代替

what about 怎么样 dream of 梦想...

be proud of 以…自豪 stop…from…防止,阻止 注意v-ing形式的以下两点用法:

1、作句子的主语位于句首时,用v-ing形式,(动词用is)

e.g Exercising every day is good for our health .

2、在“go + -ing形式(运动名称)”和“ do some + -ing形式”这类固定短语中 go shopping 去购物 go swimming 去游泳 go fishing 去钓鱼 do some washing洗衣服 do some reading 读些书

四、下面的动词要求不定式做宾语(15个)

agree 同意 decide 决定 fail 失败 hope 希望 wish 期望 want 想要 plan计划 learn 学习 attempt企图 enable能够 expect期望 afford负担得起 pretend假装 happen碰巧 promise承诺

五、下面的动词要求不定式做宾语补足语

动词+宾语+动词不定式 (13个)

ask要求, get 请 allow允许 advise劝告 invite 邀请

tell告诉 order命令 warn告诫 encourage鼓励 want想要

teach教 wish希望 would like想要

六、接动名词与不定式意思不同(5个)

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, 后面用不定式和-ing形式,意义截然不同。

stop to do... 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing ... 停止正做的事 forget to do ... 忘了去做(没做) forget doing ... 忘了做过(已做) remember to do ... 记住去做 (还没做) remember doing ... 记得做过(已做) go on to do ... 继续做 (另一件事) go on doing ... 继续做 (同一件事) try to do ... 努力做 try doing ... 试着做

stop、remember、forget和go on之后的非谓语动词形式的判定,主要应考虑非谓语动词的动作在谓语动词动作前是否已发生:如动作发生在谓语动词的动作前,用-ing形式;如动作发生在谓语动词的动作后,用不定式。

七、常见接动词不定式的短语(20个)

would like to do sth. 想要 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事

be excited to do sth. 对做……感到兴奋 be glad/happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事

be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事 be sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉 be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇 can’t afford to do sth. 负担不起

can’t wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事 get/have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会

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something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西 try/do one’s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事 It’s + adj.+(for/of sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事怎么样

It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事(常考) It’s best for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的 It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了

too…(for sb.) to …太…而不能…(= not… enough to do ) prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿……而不愿……(常考) It.is hard/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很难/容易

There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth. 对(某人来说)没时间做某事了

十、不定式的难点:

1 . too…to…:太…而不能…He is too excited to speak.

2 . enough to do:足以做 …The child is old enough to go to school . 3. 用作介词的“to”,其后加v-ing形式

look forward to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; be/get used to 习惯于 4. 句型It’s +adj+for sb to do sth ..和It’s +adj+of sb to do sth . A. It's for sb . 常用于表示事物的特征的形容词,

如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, important,impossible等: B. It's of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德的形容词, 如good, kind, nice, clever, careful ,foolish等。

5. “形容词(或副词)+enough+不定式”构成的是简单句,可以和复合句“so...that...”相互转换。例如:

It is easy enough for her to do. (简单句)

It is so easy that she can do it.(复合句) 这件事情很容易,她可以做。 6.“so...that (can't)”和句型“too...to...”的相互转换 。

She is too nervous to say a word.(简单句)

She is so nervous that she can't say a word. (复合句) 她太紧张了,以致于一句话也说不上来。 7. it作形式主语

To learn English well is not easy.(同义句)学好英语不容易。 →_____ _____ ______ to learn English well

动词不定式短语作主语时,往往用it作形式主语,真正的不定式主语置于句后。 8. it作形式宾语

I found that it is difficult to solve the problem. (改为简单句)我发现解出这道题很难 。 →I found ______ difficult to solve the problem.

it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语即不定式放在宾补后面。 9. 复合句变简单句

The doctor told him when he should take the medicine. (改为简单句)医生告诉他什么时候吃药。 →The doctor told him ______ _______take the medicine. 英语中有些动词后的宾语从句可转换成“疑问词+不定式”的简单句,这类动词有:know, wonder, decide, show,tell, find out等 ,它们经常使用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语,例如:

八、跟动词原形的情况

1、位于情态动词后;(can, could, may, might, must, would, should )

2. 助动词后(有do, does,did,构成的否定句和疑问句中) 如:Did you __ (go) shopping yesterday?

He doesn’t __(watch) TV on weekdays

3.在感官动词和使役动词后不定式做宾语补足语省略to

感官动词feel, hear,listen to,watch,look at,see, notice , 使役动词make,let,have 口诀:

一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三使让(let, make, have)四看看(see, look at, watch, notice) 注意: 在主动语态中感官动词和使役动词后不定式省掉to ,改为被动语态时,省去的不定式符号to应加上。

如 I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. 4. 某些固定句型中

1)Will(Would)you please(not)do...?请(不要)做某事好吗? 2)had better do...最好做……had better(not)do...最好不做…… 3)Why not...?Why don’t you+动词原形 为何不做某事 4) prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿做??而不愿做?? 5)在祈使句的开头。如 Turn on the TV .

九、既可跟动词原形又可跟动词ing形式的情况

感官动词see,watch,hear等动词,后面既可跟原形又可跟动词ing形式,

Please show us how to do it.

1. 感官动词 see ( watch, , notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel ) +sb + do 表示动作的全过程 I can ’t decide where to go. 2. 感官动词see ( watch, , notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel ) +sb + doing 表示动作正在进行 .

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