祈使句的直接引语变间接引语
在第一单元中我们学习了陈述句和疑问句的直接引语变间接引语的用法，本期主要讲解祈使句的直接引语变间接引语的用法。先看两个句子：
1. “Put your coat in the closet,”the landlord said to him.→ The landlord asked him to put his coat in the closet.
2. The father said to his children,“Don't move!”→The father told his children not to move.
从以上两个句子可以看出：例句1是表示“请求”的口气；例句2是表示“命令”的口气。 由此看来，当我们转述祈使句时，通常将原句中的动词变为动词不定式，并在不定式的前面加上ask, order, tell等转述动词，形成三种结构：①表示邀请、请求某人做某事时用ask sb. to do sth.; ②表示叫、吩咐某人做某事时用tell sb. to do sth.; ③表示命令某人做某事时用order sb. (not) to do sth.。例如：
①She said to us, “Please have a rest.” →She asked us to have a rest.
②The old man said, “Don't smoke in the hall.”→The old man told me not to smoke in the hall.
③The officer said, “Go away.” →The officer ordered us to go away.
注意：当祈使句的直接引语变为间接引语时，因为祈使句表示“请求”、“命令”等口气，所以祈使句直接引语变为间接引语时不存在时态的变化。但是人称、指示代词、时间、地点状语等的变化还应根据陈述句直接引语变间接引语的方法进行相应的改变。例如：
One of the doctors said, “Let me go on with the operation, Dr. Bethune.”→ One of the doctors asked Dr. Bethune to let him go on with the operation.
不知道同学们注意到没有，该句直接引语中有个称呼语Dr. Bethune，一般把它当作宾语用。再如： “Go and wash your face, Tom,” Mother said.→Mother told Tom to go and wash his face. 顺便提一下，祈使句的间接引语变直接引语也应该遵循陈述句间接引语变直接引语的方法。例如： Wei Fang asked him to give it to her. →“Give it to me, please,” Wei Fang said to him.
只要同学们认真记住以上三种祈使句直接引语变间接引语的基本结构，相信同学们一定能学会祈使句的直接引语变间接引语。
小试牛刀：A)变下列直接引语为间接引语。
1.“Stop talking!”the monitor said to the class. ____________________________________ ____________________________________
2. “Repeat it three times,” the teacher said to her. ____________________________________ ____________________________________
3. “Will you buy some bread for me?” he said to her. ____________________________________ ____________________________________
4.“Don't take off your coat,” she said to her sister. ____________________________________ ____________________________________
5. “Stay here!” the officer said to the soldier. ____________________________________ ____________________________________ B)填空完成间接引语，每空一词。
6. “Don't forget to give the message to my wife,” he said to Li Ping.
He _______ Li Ping _______ _______ forget to give the message to _______ wife. 7. “Mum, please help me find my shirt,” he said.
He _______ his mother _______ help _______ find _______ shirt. 8. “Use your knife to cut the boots open,” the officer said to the guard.
The officer _______ the guard _______ _______ _______ knife to cut the boots open. 9. “Don't spend too much time on football!” Mother said to me.
Mother _______ me _______ _______ _______ too much time on football. 10. “Will you sleep and get up early, children?” Father said.
Father _______ the children _______ _______ and _______ up early. C)单项选择。
11. “Don't worry about me,” she _______ her sister. A. said to B. referred to C. thanked to D. spoke 12. “ _______ help me with my English?”she said. A. Shall we B. Do you C. Could you D. Might you 13. She told me _______ a noise in the hall.
A. don't make B. not to make C. make not to D. to make not 14. Martin _______ his dog to lie down under the big tree. A. made B. had C. promised D. ordered
15. His father asked the boy, “ _______ are doing this for?” A. What; you B. Which; you C. Where; we D. Why; we Key:
A) 1. The monitor told the class to stop talking. 2. The teacher asked her to repeat it three times. 3. He asked her to buy some bread for him. 4. She asked her sister not to take off her coat. 5. The officer ordered the soldier to stay there.
B) 6. told; not to; his 7. asked; to; him; his 8. ordered; to use his 9. told; not to spend 10. asked; to sleep; get
C)11—15 ACBDA
DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT SPEECH
直接引语与间接引语
（1） 引述别人的原话称为直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话，称为间接引语。它们
都是复合句中的宾语从句。
直接引语要放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连词连接于主句。转换时应注意：
A．
引用的原话是陈述句，改为间接引语时，通常用连词that引导宾语从句，还要根据意思适当改变人称，时态以及时间状语，地点状语等。当主语的谓语动词是现在时，宾语从句中的动词时态不变；当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，则宾语从句中的动词时态应作相应的改变。
时态的改变
时态的改变 直接引语 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 一般过去时 一般将来时 can ,may ,must 间接引语 过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去将来时 could, might, had to 动词，指示代词，状语的改变（略）
（2） 引述的是疑问句时，变为间接引语时，一般疑问句用whether 或if来引导，选择
疑问句只能用whether，特殊疑问句用原来的疑问词。不论一般或特殊疑问句，变间接引语时，通常按原陈述句的语序，即把动词放在主语的后面。
“Are you feeling better today?” the doctor asked my sister.
The doctor asked my sister if she was feeling better that day? “Is this book yours or his?” She asked me.
She asked me whether that book was mine or his.(只能用whether) He asked me ,“Why didn’t you come here yesterday?” He asked me why I hadn’t gone there the day before.
(3) 引用的原句如果是祈使句，变为间接引语时，句字的谓语动词要用含有祈使意义
的动词如tell, ask, order(命令)。引语的动词要改为不定式。如果祈使句是否定形式，在动词不定式前加not.
He said to me,“Tell me something about the film.”
He asked me to tell him something about the film.
The teacher said to the students,“Don’t open your books.” The teacher told the students not to open their books.
Exercises
1. Paul said,“It is high time we left the place.”
2. He said,“If what you said is true I must go to the police.”
