动词及其语法填空中的应用
教学目标 1. 知道动词的分类，能够区分句子中的谓语和非谓语，能判断语法填空中所给出的动词 在句子中充当谓语还是非谓语； 2. 学会联系上下文的语境判断并正确使用谓语动词的时态、语态，并注意主谓一致； 3. 识记三种非谓语结构的功能和各自的时态和语态结构，理解它们在含义、结构和用法 上的区别； 4. 学会结合语境使用正确的非谓语形式。 难点预知 1. 谓语动词的各种时态和语态的区分及使用，非谓语动词的区分和各种时态和语态结构 2. 如何判断填入的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词； 3. 如何联系上下文填入正确时态和语态结构和谓语或非谓语动词； 学情分析 学习这份讲义的学生应该具备的知识基础和知识短板： 1） 掌握了谓语动词的各种时态、语态和虚拟语气的结构和用法； 2） 知道动词不定式、动词ing形式、过去分词三种非谓语结构的性质和功能，并且能 够独立运用这三种非谓语结构。 3）对于语法填空题中的动词填空存在困惑、解题思路不清晰 编写思路 1. 区分简单句中的谓语动词和非谓语动词； 2. 谓语的时态、语态及虚拟语气； 3. 非谓语的三种形式； 4. 三种非谓语结构在不同时态和语态中的具体形式及应用； 5. 综合练习 使用建议 该专题侧重于帮助学生解答关于谓语动词和非谓语动词的疑惑，帮助学生巩固和归纳谓语 动词和非谓语动词。适用于高三专题训练阶段英语语法基础良好的学生。 Part 1 谓语动词 一． 什么是谓语动词
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表格1：动词的分类 类别 特点 举例 Love，give， reach， help 等 Come, go, run, arrive, agree等 Be动词，keep, taste, become等 must, can, should, may等 例句 We love peace. Classes begin. I am a student. I have had my breakfast. You must study hard. 实义动词（vt.） 跟宾语 实义动词（vi.） 不能直接跟宾语 系动词 助动词 情态动词 跟表语 跟动词原形 跟动词原形或分词 have,has, do, does, did等 谓语动词是对主语加以陈述，说明主语的动作和状态，一般放在主语之后。根据动词的性质，我们可以将谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两种形式。
简单谓语：由实义动词或系动词构成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill. We are students. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well. Uncle John has caught a bad cold. 二． 谓语动词的时态和语态
（一）考考你：观察下列句子，划出句子的谓语结构，说说分别用了哪些时态和语态。 1) The naughty boy is troublesome.
The naughty boy is inspired by the moving story.
2) He devoted all his life to helping children in mountainous areas.
He was disturbed by the noisy crowd.
3) After decoration, the museum will be open to the public next year.
After decoration, the museum will be visited by the readers. 4) Look! Uncle Li is mending his bike under the tree.
Look! His bike is being mended by his bike under the tree. 5) They were having dinner eight o’clock last night.
The building was being repaired that time. 6) Generally speaking, he has done a good job.
A large number of flowers have been planted around the house. 7) The train had left before we arrived.
The book had been sold before I called.
8) The manager claimed at the meeting that the company would advertise their product in the local
newspaper.
It was said that the product would be advertised in the local newspaper.
9) With many problems to settle, the newly-elected president has been working for a whole night.
在句子中充当谓语的动词，称为 动词；谓语体现句子的时态和语态，根据上面的语句可知，高中阶段常见的时态主要包括： 。
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归纳与小结：
（二） 谓语动词常见时态和语态
表格2：动词时态和语态一览表 时态名称 一般现在时 含义 表示经常性、习惯性动作或状态 表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态. 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 常见时间状语 主动结构 often, sometimes, always, do (does) usually，every day， twice a week等 yesterday，last week/year，in did 1965，two years ago Tomorrow，next week，in a few will do; am/is/are going to do days， in the future，soon Now，at present，at the am/is/are doing moment， look, listen 开头的句子 at 3 o’clock yesterday,at this time was/were doing yesterday,at that time, just then 被动结构 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 1．表示过去发生的动 so far, ever since,since 1890,for have/has done 作对现在造成的影响3 years, during…,how long 或结果。 2．表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。 发生在“过去的过去“ 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 从过去到现在一直在进行的动作 by the end of last month 用在间接引语或宾语从句中（即主句过去时从句过去时） For…, since…等 had done would do 过去完成时 过去将来时 Δ现在完成 进行时
have/has been doing 动动脑：
请根据被动语态“be done”的结构推断出八种时态对应的被动语态结构，将上述表格八种时态对应的“被动语态结构”补充完整。
三． 英语中如何选用正确的时态和语态
（一）根据时间状语与时态的对应关系
动词特定的时态常常与特定的时间状语联系在一起，如由this time yesterday可知用过去进行时；由so far, in the past three years, till now可知要用完成时，等等。
( )He said that he ___ for Shanghai the next day.
A. will leave B. has left C. would leave D. had left 解析：C
（二）根据句子意思确定时态 （ ）—Can I help you, sir?
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—Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _____.
A. didn’t work B. won’t work C. can’t work D. doesn’t work
解析：此处的work是指radio不能正常运行，应用一般现在时的否定式，故选D。
（三）根据上下语境来确定时态
（ ）While Peggy ___, her brother was playing records.
A. reads B. was reading C. has read D has been reading 解析：B。
四． 时态和语态综合训练
I单项选择
1. According to the time table, the train for London ___ at seven o'clock in the evening.
A. was leaving B. has left C. leaves D. will leave 2. You should visit this part of the country when ___
A. spring will com B. spring comes C. It has been spring D. It will be spring 3. You needn't hurry her. She ___ it by the time you are ready.
A. will have been finishing B. Would finish C. Will have finished D. Will be finishing 4. We can go home when the ground ___
A. is drying B. has dried C. dried D. will dry 5. Obviously, he ___ a bad cold. He sneezes so often.
A. has B. has been C. had D. was
6. Darwin proved that natural selection ___the chief factor in the development of species.
A. has been B. had been C. is D. was 7. While Peggy ___, her brother is playing records.
A. reads B. is reading C. has read D has been reading 8. It's been a long time since I ___. How are you?
A. had last seen you B. saw you last time
C. have least seen you D. last was seeing you
9. We ___ on it for several hours but we have not yet reached any conclusion.
A. work B. are working C. have been working D. have been worked 10. He said that he ___ for Shanghai the next day.
A. will leave B. has left C. would leave D. had left
II.语法填空
1. I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car (break) down near a remote and poor village. (2007广东)
2. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often (result) in the contrary to our intention. (2008广东)
3. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not __a___ pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or __________（push）you with their elbows（肘部）, hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. (2009广东) 4. After a four-day journey, the young man____ __(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled __warmly__(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. (2010广东)
5. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man sitting (sit) at the front. He (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. (2011广东)
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