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A
(2017·红桥区二模)
Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly
，
believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity(
繁
荣)．Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad，thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother，andthatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.
Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirself-worthreliedonhowwelltheyperformedattennisandotherskills.Forthem
，
playingwellandwinningareoftenlive-and-deathaffairs.Intheirsingle-mindedpursuitofsuccess，thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.
However
，
whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed
，
otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculturewhichonlyvaluesthewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers
，
theystronglycriticizecompetition.Amongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople
，
Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying
，
theyalwayshaveanexcuse
：
“
Imayhavelost
，”
butitdoesn’tmatterbecauseIreallydidn’ttry.
Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost，thatwouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly
，
thisbeliefisthesameasthatoftruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone’sself-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodisappearcanwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.
语篇解读 本文为议论文，题材为社会生活.文章讨论的是人们对于竞争的不同态度.有的人非常重视竞争，认为它有益于社会的进步；有的人认为竞争对人的发展不利. 1．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout? A．Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.
B．Opinionsaboutcompetitionaredifferentamongpeople. C．Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.
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D．Failuresarenecessaryexperienceincompetition. 答案 B
解析 主旨大意题.本文主要介绍了人们对于竞争所持的不同态度. 2．Whydosomepeoplefavorcompetitionaccordingtothepassage? A．Itpushessocietyforward. B．Itbuildsupasenseofduty. C．Itimprovespersonalabilities. D．Itencouragesindividualefforts. 答案 A
解析 细节理解题.由首段第二句可知答案.
3．Theunderlinedphrase“themostvocal”inParagraph3means“”． A．thosewhotrytheirbesttowin
B．thosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighly C．thosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststrongly D．thosewhorelyonothersmostforsuccess 答案 C 解析
词义猜测题.由第三段中“otherstakeanoppositeattitude”及
“theystronglycriticizecompetition”可知，画线短语指“强烈反对竞争的人”. 4．Whatisthesimilarbeliefofthetruecompetitorsandthosewitha“desiretofail”？ A．One’sworthliesinhisperformancecomparedwithothers. B．One’ssuccessincompetitionneedsgreatefforts. C．One’sachievementisdeterminedbyhisparticularskills. D．One’ssuccessisbasedonhowhardhehastried. 答案 A 解
析
细
节
理
解
题
.
由
文
章
尾
段
倒
数
第
三
句
“Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone’sself-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.”可知答案. 5．Whichpointofviewmaytheauthoragreeto? A．Everyeffortshouldbepaidback. B．Competitionshouldbeencouraged. C．Winningshouldbealife-and-deathmatter. D．Fearoffailureshouldberemovedincompetition. 答案 D
解析 推理判断题.尾段最后一句表明了作者的观点：只有当这种基本的、害怕失败的态度
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消失时，我们才能找到竞争的真正含义.即作者认为在竞争中，不要总担心失败.
B
(2017·河北区一模)
Goingshoppingseemseasy
，
butactuallyittakesalotoflearning
，
especiallyinAmerica.Infact，manyAmericanswhoarenotsowell-offoftenshopat“sales”oratspecialstoresthatsellthingsatlowpriceswhichyoumayfindinteresting.InAmerica
，，
theimportantruleofdressingisthatoneshouldchangehisorherclotheseveryday.Forexample
，
inanAmericancollege
，
neitherprofessorsnorstudentsareseeninthesameclothestwodaysinarow.SoyoumayfinditnecessarytobuymoreclothesthanyouhaveinChina.WhileyouareshoppingintheStatesyouwilldiscoverthatpricesrangeconsiderablyfromtimetotime.Thepurchaseofusedsecond-handclothing
，
furniture
，，，
orotherhouseholdarticlesmaybeanexcellentwayofsavingmoney.Mostsecond-handclothesareofprettygoodquality.IfyouaregoingtosettledownintheStatesandwantsomefurniture，youmaygotoa“loancloset”，wherefurniturerentsatlowcost，oryoumayalsogotoa“furnitureexchange”placeinthecommunity.
Sheets
，
blankets
，
andotherbedclothesgoonsaleinmostcommunitiestwiceayear.Advertisementsfor
“whitesales”onbedlinen，towels，etc.oftenappearinJanuary，aswellasinMay，JuneorJuly.Onceortwiceeveryseason
，
therewillbe
“
garagesales
”，
whereyoucangetalmostanything，fromayachttoapairofshoes，atlowprices.Pricesat“discountstores”and“thriftshops”arealsoaslowasyoucanimagine.
Whenshoppingforfood
，
youshouldlookforspecialpricesforvariousitemsthatareputonsaleweekly.Toeconomize，itwouldbeagoodideaforyoutoplantheweeklymenuaccordingtowhatisonsaleincludinginitthemeats
，
vegetables
，
fruits
，，
etc.thatcanbeboughtatspecialpricesthatweek.
Exchangeandreturnpoliciesvaryfromstoretostore.Youshouldalsokeepinmindthatexchangeandreturnpoliciesforsalesitemscanbedifferentfromstandardstorepolicies
，
especiallyifthepriceoftheitemshasbeenreduced.Askthemerchantabouttheirexchangeandreturnpoliciesbeforemakingyourpurchase.Obtaininganexchangeorareturnwithoutastorereceiptisoftendifficult.So
，
tosaveyourselftheheadache
，
you’dbetterholdontoanypaperorotherproofofpurchase.
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语篇解读本文主要讲述在美国购物时，有时价格变化会很大，作者对此给出了一些建议. 6．PeopleshoppinginAmericawilldiscover. A．Americangoodsareexcellent B．mostclothescomefromChina C．pricesvarymuchsometimes D．usedclothesareofpoorquality 答案 C
解析 细节理解题.根据第一段第六句“While you are shopping in the States，you will discover that prices range considerably from time to time.”可知，当人们在美国购物时，会发现价格有时会变化很大.故选C. 7．Apersonwhoneedsfurniturecan. A．exchangetheirgoodsforfurniture B．settleinaplacethathasfurniture C．getsomefreeofcharge D．rentsomeatlowcost 答案 D
解析 细节理解题.根据第一段最后一句中的“If you are going to settle down in the States and want some furniture，you may go to a ‘loan closet’，where furniture rents at low cost...”可知，如果你需要家具，可以去“loan closet”，在那里你可以低价租到家具.故选D.
8．Ata“whitesales”，onecanbuy. A．almostanything
B．meats，vegetables，fruits C．bedlinen，towels D．shoesatlowprices 答案 C
解析 细节理解题.根据第二段第二句“Advertisements for ‘white sales’ on bed linen，towels，etc.often appear in January，as well as in May，June or July.”可知，“white sales”(大减价)常常出现在一月、五月、六月或七月，卖床单，毛巾等.故选C. 9．Garagesalesareheld. A．onceortwiceeverythreemonths B．onceortwiceeveryyear
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