The time scale is also divided into three main time components: eons, eras, and periods. An eon is the largest unit of time. Eons are then divided in eras, which in turn are divided into different periods which are generally classified as upper, middle, and lower. The terms late and
early may also be used for the terms upper or lower. For instance, suppose an archaeologist（考古学家)and a geologist found a dinosaur fossil（化石）in a particular kind of rock. The archaeologist would research the make-up of the dinosaur bone in the lab and then use the geologic time scale to classify the eon, era, and period from which the bone evolved. He might say to the geologist, \dinosaur bone is a fossil from the Early Jurassic Period of the Mesozoic Era, which falls under the Phanerozoic Eon.\\the same period, era, and eon as the bone.
The geologic time scale was first thought up in the late 17th century by Danish geologist Nicholas Steno, who concluded that rock layers found on Earth were laid down over certain periods of time, and by studying the formation and composition of rock, a time scale could be created of Earth. Steno also pointed out that any given layer of rock is probably older than
the one above it and younger than the one below it.
Many scientists after Steno provided valuable research and input into the creation of the geologic time scale. British geologists controlled the process, and their influence can be evidenced in the naming of some of the periods. Cambrian and Siluria were British tribes, while the term Devonian originates in the English country Devonshire.
In conclusion, scientists from all over the world created the geologic time scale based upon the relationship between the different rock layers and fossils. This time scale has allowed scientists to make precise theory about the history of our Earth.
68. The word increments underlined in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to＿．
A. increase B. tools C.advance D. intervals
69. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about Nicholas Steno?
A. He was the first to form an idea of the geologic time scale.
B. He was an important British geologist living during the Cambrian Period.
C. He fully controlled the process of the further research
of the geologic time scale.
D. He found a dinosaur bone in a kind of rock and then made a research in the lab.
70. From the passage, we can draw the following conclusions EXCEPT
A. the geologic time scale allows scientists to place historic events within relevant time frames
B. British geologists had a great influence, so many time periods are named after British tribes and counties
C. Nicholas Steno's key understanding was that layers of rock form over long periods and that each layer is probably older than the one below it
D. according to Nicholas Steno's conclusion, other scientists well developed the geologic time scale, which is beneficial for our accurate imagination of the earth's history
D
Exceptional children are different in some significant ways from others of the same age,for the same age,for these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.
Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in pubic education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
\Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean
equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children——the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity ,whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-desabled or no
t -to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.
1.In paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ______. A) the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society B) exception children are more influenced by their families than normal children are C) exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society
D) the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children 2.The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ______ . A) they are expected to be leaders of the society B) they might become a burden of the society C) they should fully develop their potentials D) disabled children deserve special consideration 3.This passage mainly deals with ______ .
A) the differences of children in their learning capabilities B) the definition of exceptional children in modern society C) the special educational programs for exceptional children D) the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children
4.From its passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptiona l children ______ . A) is now enjoying legal support
B) disagrees with the tradition of the country C) was clearly stated by the country's founders D) will exert great influence over court decisions
Educating girls quite possibly gets a higher rate of return than any other deal available in the developing world．Women's education may be unusual field for economists, but increasing women's contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social project．And economics, with its emphasis on incentives （激励）, provides an explanation for why so many girls loss the chance of an education．
Parents in low-income countries don't send their daughters to school because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else's family and bear children．Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy （预言） becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle （恶性循环） of abandonment．
An educated mother, on the other hand．has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices．She is likely to have fewer hut healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance．The education of her daughters then makes it
much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys．will be educated and healthy.The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle （良性循环）．
Few will don't agree the idea that educating women has great social benefits．But it has enormous economic advantages as well．Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers．Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional, year of schooling．Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available deal, but they are just the beginning．Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices，
including family planning．
