nation's head counting．[1998年阅读]
[译文]这一发展--以及它对今后几年美国政治和经济的强大影响--使南部在美国人口普查史上第一次成为人口最密集的地区。 entitlement n．权利
Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract．as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements (n.)．[1997年翻译] [译文]有些哲学家认为，权利只存在于社会契约中，是责任和权益相交换的一部份。
entrenched a．确立的，不容易改的(风俗习惯)
It will not solve our problems，however，until it replaces traditional prescientific views，and these are strongly entrenched (a．)．[2002年翻译]
[译文]然而只有当这种技术手段取代传统科学出现前的观点时才能解决这些问题，而这些传统观念根深蒂固。 epithet n．绰号，称号
Indeed, some observers fear that the anti-science epithet (n.) is in danger of becoming
meaningless．[1998年阅读]
[译文]一些观察者的确担心―反科学‖这个词会失去意义。 equate vt．使相等，视为平等；vi．等同
It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources，and to social science historians
who equate (vt.) their activity with specific techniques．[1999年翻译] [译文]这种谬误同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派；前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史研究是具体方法的研究。 espionage n．间谍;侦探
Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the ―great game‖ off espionage (n.)一spying as a ―profession‖．[2003年阅读] [译文]多诺万相信，在谍报职业这个―大游戏‖中可以使用任何手段。 ethical a．伦理的，道德的
The most elementary form of moral reasoning--the ethical (a.) equivalent of learning to crawl-is to weigh others' interests against one's own．[1997年翻译]
[译文]道德推理的最基本形式一相当于人学习爬行的阶段的道德，就是权衡他人与自己的利益。 euthanasia n．安乐死
In Australia--where an aging population，life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part--other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia(n.)．[1997年阅读]
[译文]在澳大利亚，人口老龄化、延长寿命技术和公众态度的变化都发挥着各自的作用。其他州也将考虑制定类似的法律来处理安乐死问题。
expectancy n．期待，期望
Americans’ life expectancy(n.) has nearly doubled over the past century．[2003年阅读]
[译文]在过去的一个世纪里，美国人的寿命几乎翻了一番。 explanatory a．说明的，解释性的
The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory (a.) items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find．[2002年翻译]
[译文]行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。 exotic a．异国情调的，外来的，奇异的
Other linguists in the earlier part of this century，however，who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from ―exotic (a.)‖language，were not always so grateful．[2004年翻译]
[译文]这一世纪早期，另外一些语言学家对此并无感激之情，因为他们并不对研究―另类‖语言的奇异数据太感兴趣。 fallacy n．谬误，谬论
Also common in the natural sciences，the technicist fallacy (n.) mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation．[1999年翻译]
[译文]在自然科学领域里，这种现象也很普遍，技术谬误错误地将历
史研究技术实施过程中的某些过程当成了历史研究的整体。 farfetched a．牵强的
However farfetched (a.) and unreasonable their principles may seem today，it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal．[2000年阅读]
[译文]不管他们的论断今天看起来是多么牵强，多么没道理，若干年后，人们可能会认为它们是正常的。 feverishly ad．兴奋地
That group-the National Bioethics Advisory Commission(NBAC)--has been working feverishly (ad.) to put its wisdom on paper and at a meeting on 17 May，members agreed on a near--final draft of their recommendations． [1999年阅读]
[译文]这个名为―全国生物伦理道德顾问委员会‖(NBAC )的小组一直在非常积极的工作，并将其意见写成报告；在5月17日的一次会议上，委员们就接近定稿的意见书取得了一致意见。 fissure n．裂缝，裂沟；v．(使)裂开，(使)分裂
As the dome grows，it develops deep fissures (n.) (cracks)；in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures，so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean[1998年阅读] [译文]随着这个圆顶的增大，板块出现深深的裂缝。至少有几次，大陆可能会沿着其中的一些裂缝完全裂开,因此这个热点就引发了一个新的海洋的形成。
