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书中第5篇
第五篇U.S. Eats Too Much Salt
People in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount1 of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes,government health experts said on Thursday. They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt of no more than 1,500 mg per day2, yet most consume closer to 3,500 nig per day.
\includes a diet low in sodium and rich in potassium and calcium can improve their blood pressure,\Darwin labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement.
\Labarthe said.
The study in CDC's report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than 1,500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40-- which are considered high-risk groups.
Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 2005-2006 CDC estimate.
Most of the sodium eaten comes from package, processed and restaurant foods.
The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.
Nationwide, 16 million men and women have heart disease and 5.8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks,the CDC said. 词汇
Sodium n. 钠calcium n. 钙 Potassium n. 钾intake n. 纳入量 注释
1. More than twice the recommended amount: 比推荐量的两倍还多
2, They found nearly 70 percent of U.S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from lower-salt diet of no more than 1,500 mg per day: 他们发现将 近百分之七十的美国成年人属于高危人群，如果他们的日食盐量降至1500 毫克，则会从中受益。
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练习：
1. Too much salt raises one's risk for A high blood pressure. B heart attacks. C strokes,
D all of the above.
2. How much salt do most American adults eat per day? A No more than 1,500 mg B Closer to 3,500 mg. C Less than 3,436 mg. D Closer to 1,500 mg.
3. To improve their blood pressure, people should have a diet A rich in potassium and sodium. B rich in potassium and calcium. C rich in calcium and sodium. D none of the above.
4. The high-risk groups include those A who are black.
B who are over the age of 40. C who are white and young. D both A and B
5. Packaged, processed and restaurant foods are known to be A cheap. B tasty. C rich in salt.
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D healthy. 答案与题解
1. D 短文的第一段说，吃盐过多会增加罹患高血压，心脏病和中风的危险。 2. B 短文的第二段说，大多数美国成年人的日食盐量接近300 毫克。 3. B 短文的第三段说，采用低钠并富含钾、钙的饮食方式将有利于改善血压。 4. D 短文的第五段说，黑人和年龄超过40 岁的人被视为高危人群。
5. C 短文的倒数第二段说，人们所食用的纳绝大部分来自于包装、加工和饭店食品。
*第十八篇 Human Heart Can Make New Cells
Solving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.
The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack,experts say.
\Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. \previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed1,\
The process of renewing these ceils changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75.
\possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack,\
That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts. \heart failure,\
Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. \dying2,\
With this finding, scientists are \ourselves Bhardwaj said. \new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing.\
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But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts--whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown. 词汇
Longstanding adj. 为时甚久的turnover n. 更替率 Cardiac adj. 心脏的pharmaceutical n. 药物 cardiomyocyte n. 心肌细胞therapy n. 疗法、治疗 注释
1. It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed: 早前并不清楚人们是否局限于出生时所具有的细胞还是说这些细胞可以被更新。 2. Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying: 慢性心衰是由心肌细胞死亡导致的。
3. With this finding, scientists are \ourselves\有了这一发现，科学家们正在打开让我们自愈的潜在疗法的大门。
练习：
1. The human heart stops producing cardiac cells A when a person is born. B when a person becomes old. C when a person gets sick. D when a person dies.
2. The finding could prove to be helpful to A the study of longstanding mysteries. B the analysis of cardiac cells. C the prevention of chronic diseases. D the treatment of heart disease.
3. The people who're in their mid-70s, only 0.45 percent of cardiomyocytes
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