eye sb. with dislike 厌恶地看着某人 share the same likes and dislikes 有相同的爱憎
【译文】不过，对食物的好恶似乎并不一定总与营养有关。
7) Cows can go wherever they want to in the streets of India, and they can eat anything they want from the supplies of the food-sellers on the street. 在印度牛可以在大街上随意走动。街上食品摊贩所卖的任何食物，它们想吃就吃。
【解 析】wherever是连词，引导状语从句，意为不管在哪里，不论何处。 I will go wherever I am needed. 哪里需要我，我就到哪里去。 He goes wherever he pleases. 他愿意去哪儿就去哪儿。
supplies指食物，供给。supplies用作复数，常指供给的食物，而非其他物品。 food-sellers 卖食品的小贩，特指非商店里，摆在外面的摊贩。shop assistant和salesman (sales woman, salesgirl) 指售货员。
in the streets和on the street比较：本句子里street分别和介词in, on连用，in the street常指在大街上，不是强调在街面上，而是宏观的，从远处望去，处于街上的人群中，相当于among the crowds；而on the street相当于on the road 在街面上，指摊贩们在街面上卖东西，不是在屋子里。
8) First, cows are valuable because the farmers need them to help plow their fields. Second... Third the cow manure can be dried and burned to make cooking fires. 首先，牛是宝贵的，因为农民耕地需要它们的帮助。其次······ 再者，牛粪经干燥后可当煮饭燃料。
【解 析】在列举条目、论点等时可用：first, second, third…, and last first(ly), secondly, thirdly,…finally/lastly in the first place, in the second place,… in the last place
9) Therefore, farmers that kill their cows for meat soon find that they cannot plow or fertilize their fields or make a cooking fire. 【解 析】
therefore是副词，“因此，因而”常用于句首，后面用逗号，承接两个表示因果关系的句子。
for meat里for表示目的，“为了······‖，“杀牛以为食”。 plow有两个意思，“犁”和“以犁来耕”；fertilize的意思是―施肥，添加肥料”；make a cooking fire的意思是生火做饭，cooking是动名词用来作fire的定语, cooking fire表示煮饭的火。
10) Thieves will not usually enter a house where there is a dog because the dog will bark and possibly attack a stranger who is trying to get into a house.
盗贼一般不进入有狗的住宅，因为狗会吠叫，而且可能会袭击试图进入屋子的陌生人。
11) There is some evidence that some ancient Egyptians did not eat pork. (Line 47)有迹象表明一些古埃及人不食猪肉。
that引导的是同位语从句，对与之同位的名词作进一步的解释，同位语从句一般只由that引导, 常用在idea, fact, concept, doubt, news, belief, hope,
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evidence, explanation, opinion, plan, proposal, sign, suggestion, truth, theory, thought等抽象名词后。
There are signs ______ restaurant are becoming more popular with families. A
A) that B) which C) in which D) whose
12) Americans eat a lot of beef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distances by railroads. 美国人吃大量的牛肉，因为美国有大量土地 用以养牛，而且牛肉也可通过铁路以低廉的价格 进行长途贩运。 beef 指牛肉， ox 指公牛，
cow 指奶牛、母牛， bull 指公牛，
cattle 是牛的总称， meat 是肉的总称。
plenty of land 此处land是不可数名词，指土地、土壤面积。
raise cattle 养牛，是固定用法。raise除了―举起、抬高”的意思，还可以指“养育、繁
殖” 等。
Although the old couple were very poor, they raised five children with great care .
尽管这对老夫妇很穷，他们细心养育了五个孩子。 5. useful expression
他在……名单中排名第一。 He is the first on the list of … 牛粪可以被用来生火做饭。
The cow manure can be burned to make cooking fires. 杀牛吃肉
to kill cows for meat 不吃猪肉的禁忌
the taboo against eating pork 吃猪肉方面的禁忌 the pig-eating taboo 未熟透的猪肉
the pork that is not cooked sufficiently 传播疾病
to spread a disease
做这件事要花大力气。
To do this requires a lot of energy. 6. grammar
Adjective clause
Linking pronouns: who, whom, which, that, those 关系代词的数和人称要和先行词一致 在句子中做主语，宾语，定语，补足语 All that glitters is not gold. 主语 He is the man whom we all respect. 宾语
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Edison is a great inventor whose fame is world-wide. 定语
Jack imagined himself to be an artist, which he was not. 主补
注：先行词前有限定词all, any, every, few, no only, some , very 或序数词，形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词通常要用that。 Linking adverbial: where, when , why 关系副词在从句中做状语
That is the period when he lived here. That is the place where he was born. That is the reason why he spoke. Restrictive and non-restrictive 一，意思的区别
The travelers who/ that knew about the floods took another way. 知道涨大水的旅客走另一条路。指部分旅客，限定性。 The travelers, who knew about the floods, took another way.
旅客都知道涨大水，他们走另一条路。指全部旅客，非限定性。 The wine which/that was in the cellar was all ruined. The wine, which was in the cellar, was all ruined. 二，形式上的区别
限定从句有who,whom, whose, which, that引入，不用逗号。 非限定从句有who,whom, whose, which引入，用逗号。 that, whom, which 的省略
1。That/which在限定形容词从句中用作宾语时通常被省略。 The car (which/ that) I hired broke down after five kilometers.
The lawyer (whom/who/ that) I consulted gave me some useful advice.
That用于表示时间，地点，方式的词语后取代in which, when 和where，常被省略。
Look at the way (that/ in which) John tackled the job.
The sea was very rough the day (that/ when/ on which) we crossed the channel. This is the house (where/ in which/ that) my father lived for 30 years. 在there be句型后的从句中，作主语的关系代词在口语中也可省略。 There’s somebody (who) wants to see you. There’s something (that) keeps upsetting him. 7. summary of the text
Food is a basic necessity, so every culture has important norms and customs related to it. Most cultures have food preferences and food taboos. Food likes and dislikes are often related to culture, nutrition, religion, and they are the result of the ways of life of different people. 8. after-reading discussion
Work in groups and answer the following questions. 1) What do you think food likes and dislikes are related to?
Sample: Most of all, I think it is a matter of habit. When one gets used to eating or not eating something, it is not easy for him to change this habit. Of course, the availability of foods is also a very important reason.
Firstly, I think food likes and dislikes are related to people’s different tastes.
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Secondly, I think they are related to the availability of foods in different places. Thirdly, they may be related to cultures, religion, etc. A case in point is the Hui ethnic group in China, who do not eat pork.
2) What are your food likes and dislikes? What do you think your food likes and dislikes are related to?
Sample: I have no particular likes or dislikes for food. I think this is related to my character and family circumstances.
I like fresh fruit, vegetables, pork and seafood. I dislike beef, lamb, chicken, meat of wild animals and pickle. I think my food likes and dislikes are related only to my taste.
3) Food likes and dislikes in China vary greatly from the North to the South, and from the West to the East. Can you give some examples to show this? Try to give possible reasons for the differences.
Sample: As far as I know, people in East China like eating something fresh and mild, especially the seafood, while people in West China enjoy meat very much and they like to eat hot food. Examples:
A. People in North China like noodles, jiaozi, steamed rolls, etc., while people in South China like rice.
B. People in North China eat a lot of Chinese cabbage, while people in South China eat a lot of other vegetables.
C. People in East China eat a lot of seafood, while people in West China eat a lot of beef and lamb. Reasons:
I think the differences are related to people’s tastes, the availability of
foods, weather conditions, soil, geographical conditions, etc.
4) What are your reactions if you see somebody eat things that you don’t like? Sample: When I see people eat things I don’t like, my first reaction is disgust. I just can’t understand how people can eat such nauseating things. Sometimes I feel that people are cruel when they eat some animals which are a help to human beings.
Period 8-9 After-class Reading and Exercise
I. Teaching Content
Two pieces of After-class Reading: The Menu, The nutrients in Food. (extensive reading approach). Check the answers to quiz II. Teaching Objects
To encourage Ss’ get useful information from the reading material as soon as possible, to encourage reading fluency, so students should not be stopping frequently because they do not understand a passage. III. Teaching Design A. Passage I
1) Ss are given five minutes to read the passage ―The Menu‖, get the useful information from the passage, and pick out the development history of
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