毕业设计
题 目: 年产 万吨聚氯乙烯生产车间工艺设计
院 系: 材料科学与工程学院
专 业: 高分子材料与工程
班 级:
学生姓名:
指导教师:
论文提交日期： 2011年 6 月 21 日 论文答辩日期： 2011年 6月 28日
内容摘要
本文讲述了我国聚氯乙烯工业生产技术的发展进程和目前状况，包括原料路线、工艺设备、聚合方法等。本设计采用悬浮法生产聚氯乙烯，介绍了采用悬浮法生产PVC树脂工聚合机理，工艺过程中需要注意的问题，包括质量影响因素，工艺条件及合成工艺中的各种助剂选择，对聚合工艺过程进行详细的叙述。并且从物料衡算、热量衡算和设备计算和选型三个方面进行准确的工艺计算，对厂址进行了选择，采取了防火防爆防雷等重要措施，对三废的处理回收等进行了叙述，画出了整个工艺的流程图。
关键词 ：聚氯乙烯； 生产技术； 悬浮法； 乙炔法； 乙烯法； 防粘釜技术；
目 录
第一章 总论 ·········································································· 2 1.1 国内外 pvc发展状况及发展趋势 ······································ 2 1.2 单体合成工艺路线 ························································· 4 1.2.1乙炔路线 ······························································· 4 1.2.2乙烯路线 ······························································· 4 1.3聚合工艺实践方法 ························································· 5 1.3.1本体法聚合生产工艺 ················································ 5 1.3.2乳液聚合生产工艺 ··················································· 6 1.3.3悬浮聚合生产工艺 ··················································· 6 1.4最佳的配方、后处理设备的选择 ······································· 7 1.4.1配方的选择 ···························································· 7 1.4.2后处理设备侧选择 ··················································· 8 1.5 防粘釜技术 ·································································· 9 1.6原料及产品性能 ··························································· 10 1.7 聚合机理 ···································································· 11 1.7.1自由基聚合机理 ····················································· 11 1.7.2链反应动力学机理 ·················································· 12 1.7.3 成粒机理与颗粒形态 ·············································· 13 1.8影响聚合及产品质量的因素 ············································ 13 1.9工艺流程叙述 ······························································ 15 1.10.1加料系统 ···························································· 15
1.10.2聚合系统 ···························································· 17 1.10.3浆料汽提及废水汽提系统 ······································· 17 1.10厂址的选择 ································································ 19 第二章 工艺计算 ································································· 20 2.1物料衡算 ···································································· 20 2.1.1聚合釜 ································································· 20 2.1.2 混料槽 ································································ 23 2.1.3汽提塔 ································································· 24 2.1.4离心机 ································································· 27 2.1.5 沸腾床 ································································ 28 2.1.6 包装 ··································································· 29 2.2热量衡算 ···································································· 30 2.2.1聚合釜 ································································· 30 2.2.2沸腾床的热量计算 ·················································· 35 2.3 设备的计算及选型 ························································ 41 2.3.1 聚合釜 ······························································ 41 3.3.2 混料槽 ································································ 42 3.3.3 汽提塔 ································································ 43 3.3.4 离心机 ································································ 43 3.3.5内热式沸腾床的计算 ··············································· 44 2.3.6泵、鼓风机、过滤器 ··············································· 49 第三章 非工艺部分 ································································ 52
