炼油厂污水处理工艺设计
炼油厂污水处理毕业论文
炼油厂污水处理站工艺设计
摘要：炼油污水是炼油化工行业生产、运行过程中产生的不可直接利用的污染水，它是国内工业废水的重要组成部分。炼油行业是环境污染较为严重的行业，从原料到产品，从生产到使用，都存在造成环境污染的因素。
受生产工艺和产品的影响，炼油污水的水质、水量变化复杂，有机污染物浓度不同，是难处理的工业废水之一。目前，国内炼油污水处理手段以生化为主，辅以一些物理方法如絮凝、沉淀等。
本工艺设计针对炼油污水的水质、水量的特点，力求做到经济、高效，采用了传统的、有成功设计、运行经验的活性污泥法，辅以物理方法；生化部分采用改造的多点进水的运行方式，工艺流程见如下，处理后出水可达到国家石油化工行业污水排放一级标准。
格栅—调节池—平流式隔油池—混合反应池—气浮池—生物接触氧化池—二沉池—达标排放 本设计说明书较全面地叙述了设计方案的选择与论证、处理构筑物的设计计算、处理站平面布置和高程布置及工程概算等内容。
关键词：炼油污水，处理站，隔油，生物接触氧化
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炼油厂污水处理工艺设计
Puyang refinery process design sewage treatment
station
Abstract: The chemical industry, oil refinery production and refinery wastewater, generated during the operation of the contaminated water can not be directly used, it is the important part of industrial wastewater.Refining industry is more serious environmental pollution, the industry, from raw materials to product, from production to use, there are factors that cause environmental pollution.
By the impact of production processes and products, oil refining wastewater quality and quantity are complex, with different concentrations of organic pollutants, is one of intractable industrial waste.Currently, the domestic oil refining to chemical and biological wastewater treatment methods, supplemented by some physical methods such as flocculation, precipitation.
The process design for refinery effluent water quality, water features, and strive to achieve economy, efficiency, using the traditional, a successful design and operation experience of the activated sludge method, supplemented by physical methods; biochemical some more progress with transformation run the water, see the following process, the treated effluent can reach the national level, the petrochemical industry effluent discharge standards.
Grid - Adjustment Pool - Rectangular grease trap - Mixed reaction cell - flotation tank - biological contact oxidation pond - the secondary sedimentation tank - discharge standards
The design specification more comprehensive account of the choice of design and
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炼油厂污水处理工艺设计
feasibility studies, design and calculation processing structure, layout and elevation treatment station layout and the project budget and so on.
Key words: sewage, treatment plant, grease, biological contact oxidation
目 录
1 设计说明 ................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 含油废水 ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.1 含油废水的来源 ............................................................................................................... 4 1.1.2含油废水的危害及污染特征 ............................................................................................ 4 1.1.3 油类在水中的存在形式 ................................................................................................... 5 1.1.4 含油废水的处理方法 ....................................................................................................... 5 1.2 炼油废水 ..................................................................................................................................... 7
1.2.1 炼油废水的来源、分类及性质 ....................................................................................... 7 1.2.2炼油废水的处理方法 ........................................................................................................ 7 1.3处理工艺流程的确定 ...................................................................................................................11
1.3.1处理工艺流程比选方案 ...................................................................................................11 1.3.2 濮阳炼油厂废水处理工艺 ............................................................................................. 12 1.3.3 设计资料 ......................................................................................................................... 13
2 炼油污水处理站工艺设计计算 ............................................................................................................. 15
废水处理构筑物的计算 ..................................................................................................................... 15
2.1.1 格栅的设计计算 ............................................................................................................. 15 2.1.2 调节池的设计计算 ......................................................................................................... 16 2.1.3 平流式隔油池工艺设计计算 ......................................................................................... 17 2.1.4 机械反应池工艺设计计算 ............................................................................................. 19 2.1.5 平流式气浮池的工艺设计计算 ..................................................................................... 22 2.1.6 生物接触氧化池工艺设计计算 ..................................................................................... 24 2.1.7 二沉池工艺设计计算 ..................................................................................................... 26 2.2 污泥处理部分的计算 ................................................................................................................. 28
2.2.1 剩余污泥量的计算 ......................................................................................................... 28 2.2.2 污泥浓缩池工艺设计计算 ............................................................................................. 29 2.2.3 板框压滤机的设计 ......................................................................................................... 32 2.3 鼓风曝气系统 ............................................................................................................................. 33 2.4 平面布置及总平面图 ................................................................................................................. 33 2.5 高程布置水力计算 ..................................................................................................................... 34
2.5.1 高程设计 ......................................................................................................................... 34 2.5.2 高程计算 ......................................................................................................................... 35 2.6泵房布置及泵的选择 .................................................................................................................. 36
2.6.1 泵房布置 ......................................................................................................................... 36 2.6.2 泵的选择 ......................................................................................................................... 36
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炼油厂污水处理工艺设计
2.7加药系统 ...................................................................................................................................... 36 3 工程估算及运行成本 ............................................................................................................................. 37
3.1 主要构筑物总价计算N1 ............................................................................................................ 37 3.2 主要设备总价估算N2 ................................................................................................................ 38 4 结论......................................................................................................................................................... 39
参考文献 ............................................................................................................................................. 40 致 谢 ................................................................................................................................................. 41
1 设计说明
1.1 含油废水
1.1.1 含油废水的来源
含油废水的来源很广，凡是直接与油接触的废水都含有油类。含油废水的含油量及其特征，随生产行业的不同变化极大，同一种工业也因生产工艺流程、设备和操作条件的不同而相差较大。例如：在石油炼厂，石油化工行业的蒸馏、裂化、叠和，焦化等工段排出的含油废水除含油外还有硫化物、酚类、氰等毒性物质；沥青生产中产生的废水具有很高的粘性；机械制造业中的切削、研磨、压延等工程，需用乳化液进行冷却，而排出的乳化废液，其中含有较多的油类及表面活性剂。洗涤零部件会产生乳化油废水。在轧钢厂，轧辊需润滑和冷却，从而排出大量的含油废水，这种废水除含油外，还含有大量的氧化铁皮。在船舶，车辆，飞机等交通运输主业的发动机清洗废水含有油分。油轮压舱水，油罐冲洗水均含有较高浓度的油分。此外，在餐饮业以及生活污水的排放中除含有油外还含有脂类；在纤维生产，使皮制造和其它许多行业或多或少的排出各类含油废水。
含油废水的主要来源是石油，石油开采，石油化工，钢铁，焦化，煤气发生站，机械加工等工业企业。
1.1.2含油废水的危害及污染特征
含油污水排放到水体的主要危害表现在油滴覆盖水面，阻止空气中的氧溶解在水中，使水中溶解氧减少，导致水生生物死亡，妨碍水生植物的光和作用，甚至水质变臭，破坏水资源的利用价值。因此，含油污水必须经过适当的处理后才可排放。
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