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2019年河北省中考备考：各种题型解读及方法技巧
专题五: 任务型阅读
一、河北省任务型阅读试题特点：
任务型阅读是一种考查阅读理解能力的题型。它要求考生在阅读文章后能对文章中的某些细节做到准确把握或对整篇文章进行提炼、概括，是一种读写结合的题型。这种题型既考查考生的阅读理解能力，也考查考生分析问题、解决问题的能力，还考查考生的综合语言运用能力。主要考查形式有：根据短文内容判断正误、选择、完成句子、回答问题、找出主题句或近义句、在文中空缺处填词、就文中划线句子提出问题、英译汉、填表格和还原句子等。该试题既可以以任意一种形式出现，也可以以任意几种形式出现。
题型一 按要求完成下列各题。
该题型是对理解能力和对语言组织能力的综合考查。要求考生在理解文章的基础上，用简洁的语言，根据短文内容完成各题。该题型是近年来各省市中考英语的热点题型之一，也是考生失分较多的题型之一。解答该题要求考生有较扎实的语言基础和较强的语言综合运用能力。 【解题技巧】
解答此类题时，首先应该快速阅读一下文章后面的问题，然后带着这些问题，有的放矢地去阅读文章，获取与问题有关的信息。对于不同题型可采用不同的解题方法：学+科网
完成句子题：在填空时先根据题中关键词找到原文中答案所在的句子，然后找到答案部分，但注意有时需要变换形式。
简略回答问题：首先要明确问题问的是什么，然后带着问题通读全文，在原文中找出与问题相关的部分，依据找到的信息用简洁的语言对所提的问题进行回答。
找主题句题：该题要求考生在理解全文的基础上对某个段落或全文进行归纳，从而分析得出段落或全文大意。此类题难度较大，解题时要注意把握文章整体意义，抓住中心句和关键词，注意段落的开头句和结尾句以及首段或尾段。
翻译句子题：解答此类题时要注意结合上下文语境进行翻译，切不可断章取义，翻译时要符合汉语语言习惯；不要逐词机械翻译；注意中西方文化差异、用词差异、习语、谚语等。
另外，答题时应该注意单词的拼写和形式，答语的人称和时态要与题中的人称和时态保持一致，同时还要注意所回答的内容意义要完整，要与原文保持一致。对那些在文章中找不到答案的问题，必须再通读全文，对获得的信息进行归纳总结，通篇考虑，才能得出答案。答完问题后要进行检查，确保答案在语法、拼写及标点符号等方面准确无误。
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【例题】
At many Thanksgiving dinners, everyone around the table shares something they are thankful for. As we know, most can do this easily. It?s more important to know how to be thankful people all the time.
Be positive(乐观). No matter what happens, it?s best to remember the good things. Find the bright side in bad situations, and push back against negative(负面的) opinions. Also, do your best not to compare yourself to others. But when you?re around others, give expression to what you like about them. By keeping good in mind, you?ll give thanks for it even more than before.
Accept the negative. At the same time, we can?t pay no attention to bad things that have happened. We should learn from mistakes. It makes us become strong. Before we know it, we?re thankful for negative things, too. Our mistakes can also make us humble(谦逊的), which is not all bad. Humble people have better relationships and see life?s blessings(祝福) much more clearly!
Acts of kindness. Thankful people know that it?s much better to give than to receive. When you?re thankful, you feel it?s your duty to show love to others. Some people volunteer to help people in need. Studies show that volunteers might feel happier and healthier.
Use of time. By spending time with others, you show them how much they mean to you. But being thankful is also better realized by spending time alone. When you?re alone, you can think about the best parts of you day. You can list them out and think them over. You can find your way to make thanksgiving a part of you life. How wonderful it is! Just enjoy it every day!
1、2题完成句子；3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下全文的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。 1. You need to find ________________________________in bad situations. 2. Learning from mistakes can make us __________________________ and humble. 3. How do volunteers probably feel according to studies?
_________________________________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________________________________ 5. ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. the bright side. 2. (become) strong
3. They probably/ might feel happier and healthier./ Happier and healthier. 4. It?s more important to know how to be thankful people all the time.
5. 当你独处时/当你一个人的时候，你可以思考/回想你一天中最美好的时光/部分/事情/片段。
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4. 通过阅读理解可知本文是：总分结构。及开篇引入，进而明确主题，接下来分四个黑体方面进行论述。最后自然结尾。可知中心句在文章第一段，在四个分述之上，即“It?s more important to know how to be thankful people all the time.”。
5. 这是when引出的时间状语从句，可译为“当你一个人的时候”；同时怎样翻译“the best parts of you day”很重要，亦很灵活。根据上下文可译成“你一天中最美好的时光”。
题型二 阅读短文，完成表格
该题型旨在考查考生综合语言运用的能力，即捕捉信息、组织信息和综合概括信息的能力。该题型要求考生根据所读短文，对文中的有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括，而后准确有序地完成表格的空缺。此类试题的文章话题广泛，体裁多样，内容贴近生活，富有生活气息。表格项目基本上根据文章结构和作者思路设计，一般包括标题、段落大意、文章细节和结论等部分。
【解题技巧】
1． 解题步骤：读表 — 读文一填表
读表：迅速阅读表格，预测所缺单词。通过分析表格的项目内容和结构特征，从而揣测命题者的目的和意图，准确把握信息范围及对文章的理解方向。要特别关注文章的标题栏及表格前的小标题，这样有助于理解短文的大意。
读文：快速浏览全文，把握短文大意，再读文章内容，找准细节定位。
填表：抓住有效信息，准确填好表格。在填表时，力争返回原文，找出与题目有关的内容，抓住关键词汇，填好所缺单词。填好表格后，要检查所填单词拼写是否正确，是否符合文章内容以及是否与表格其他信息形式统一。 2． 解题方法指导
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(1) 快速定位圈点。根据表格中所提供的细节信息，抓住关键词语，返回原文，快速捕捉，对表格中提供的信息在文中进行定位，并通过对比新旧语境，圈出不同点。
(2)巧妙运用转换。对于那些不能在原文中直接选定的答案，根据表格中对原文语义的转换，掌握设空规律，进行词形和词性的转换。巧用同义词、反义词、词语搭配等转换方式，以便提高答题正确率。
(3)掌握归纳技巧。有时表格中的最上栏或最左栏需要考生概括相应栏内的内容。常用的概括性词语有：原因(reason ／ cause)、方法(way ／ means)、优缺点(advantage ／ disadvantage)、观点(opinion ／ view)、建议(advice ／ tips ／ suggestions)、目的(aim ／ purpose)、问题(problem)、影响和结果(effect ／ result)、个人信息(name ／ age ／ occupation ／ personality)等。掌握这些概括性词语，可以帮助我们迅速准确地完成答题任务。
(4) 注意答题细节。审清表格，注意表格中所缺单词的排列顺序，特别要注意写到答题卡上的单词序号；正确拼写单词，注意首字母的大小写、名词的单复数、主谓一致及非谓语动词的使用等。另外，书写工整在答题的过程中也十分重要。学科！网 【例题】
阅读上面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中的信息（每空最多不超过四个词）。
It is said that the eyes are the windows of our soul. However, to have healthy eyes, you have to look after them properly. Your eyes need everyday attention.
Firstly, you have to pay more attention to your diet. Have more fresh fruits, vegetables, fish, eggs and milk. It?s good for your eyes. Besides, a regular amount of Vitamins A and B2 should also be taken.
Secondly, you must have a regular and sound sleep. It relaxes the eye muscles (肌肉) and gives them the rest required. Sleep can help the body to repair its tired tissues (组织). Usually, you must sleep for at least seven to eight hours every day. Loss of sleep can give you dark circles under the eyes.
Next, it?s necessary for you to exercise eyes every day. Blink（眨眼）your eyes at regular periods, which makes the eyeballs watery, and gives them a good wash.
Lastly, you should use your eyes in right ways. Fox example, if a small thing goes into your eye you start rubbing it, which is wrong. Rubbing is harmful to your eyes. Don′t read or write in poor or bright sunlight because sunlight can cause eye tiredness. Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sunshine from shining directly into your eyes. Too much reading, writing, watching television or working on the computer can also cause eye tiredness, so a good rest is required.
If you always take care of God′s most beautiful gift, your life will be very colorful! The ways to keep your eyes healthy
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