However, you do not always have to write in strict time sequence. For example, you may choose to arouse your readers' interest by beginning with a key event from the middle of your story, or even from the end, and then presenting the events that led up to it. The point is that you must follow some clear and orderly plan whatever ordering scheme you use. Only by doing so will your readers be able to understand what is told in your story.
Unit 8
今天早晨我从我的便携式收音机中听到一则很有意思的新闻：一个三十六岁的男子和他十岁的儿子在同一个班级上课，为取得高分而互相竞争。事情是这样的：那个男子叫李伟，小时候太懒散，什么都不肯学。由于几乎没有受过教育，没有掌握有用的技术，所以他很难挣到足够维持生活的工资。他的生活经历使他充分认识到一个道理：他必须首先获得知识，然后才能积累财富。李伟发誓要跟儿子一起上学，下决心努力学习。 参考答案:
This morning I heard an interesting piece of news over my portable radio: A man of 36 and his son of 10 attend the same class competing with each other for high marks. The story goes/It's like this:
The man, Li Wei by name, was too idle to learn anything when young. With little education, with no useful skills, he could hardly earn an adequate living wage. His life experiences drove home to him the point that he had to acquire knowledge before he was able to accumulate wealth. So Li Wei swore that he would go to school with his son, determined to learn. Model paper
The Use of Computers in Schools
There are numerous benefits that flow from the use of computers in schools. Interest in a subject can be stimulated by sound and visual illustrations superior to \students are given easy access to a wealth of reference material. Internet access offers the chance to communicate with other students around the world. Programmed learning tailored to the speed of individual students can be adopted. Computer skills such as programming can be developed. There is, however, a negative side. There is the danger that computers encourage \copying without a real understanding of what is being said. Also, for many purposes traditional teacher-centered classrooms remain more effective than time spent working alone. And, of course, computers always offer the temptation to play games rather than getting down to difficult learning tasks.
On balance, however, the advantages clearly outweigh the disadvantages.
(147 words)
Writing Strategy
Using cause and effect in essay writing (1)
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Every day we try to figure out the causes of things and analyze or predict effects. Cause-and-effect analysis is, therefore, an important analytical skill to develop. When writing a cause-and-effect paper, you should bear in mind the following points: Sound Reasoning or Logic
When discussing causes and effects, make sure your analysis is logical. You must not take it for granted that event A causes event B simply because event A precedes (先于) event B. In other words, you must explain clearly what really brings about a particular result. Possible Shift in Order
In cause-and-effect writing, it seems convenient to state the effect first and then analyze the causes. The reverse order, however, is to be preferred when one cause leads to a number of effects.
Book 2
Unit 1
我认为总结一下学习英语的经验是值得一试的。这里，我想谈谈三个相关的问题。 首先，大量阅读应被视作学习过程中的重点，因为我们是通过阅读获取最大量语言输入（language input）的。其次，尽可能多背熟一些好文章也十分重要。一方面，死记硬背（rote learning）确实无甚裨益，但另一方面，在真正理解基础上的熟记肯定对我们有好处。大脑中储存了大量很好的文章，我们在用英语表达自己思想的时候，就会觉得容易多了。最后，我们应把所学到的东西用到实践中去，这是至关重要的。通过多读、多写、多听、多说，我们就能完成提高英语水平的任务。 参考答案:
I consider it worthwhile trying to summarize our experience in learning English. Here I would like to make three relevant points.
First, wide reading should be taken as a priority in the learning process, because it is through reading that we get the most language input. Next, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. On the one hand, rote learning/learning by rote is indeed of little help, but on the other hand, memorization/learning by heart with a good understanding will certainly be of benefit/do good to us. With an enormous store of excellent essays in our heads, we will find it much easier to express ourselves in English. Finally, it is critical that we should put what we have learned into practice. By doing more reading, writing, listening and speaking, we will be able to accomplish the task of perfecting our English. Model paper
How I Learn at College
I went to school in a small town near Chengdu and now I am studying law at Fudan University in Shanghai. Passing from one to the other you have to get used to many new things, not the least being the different way of learning.
At school I found my timetable full throughout the day. One lesson came close on the heels of another with little time to call one's own. At university, in contrast, only a few hours of each day are taken up with classes or lectures. In the time made available you are expected to learn on your
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own. When and where is up to you. At the same time what you are meant to learn shifts from memorizing masses of facts to developing an ability to understand theories and present arguments. There are, of course, still facts to be learned. One should not exaggerate the differences. Nevertheless, learning at university certainly teaches me greater self-reliance and to think for myself.
(169 words)
Before putting pen to paper, read the advice on writing skills in the following box, as this may be of some help to you.
Writing Strategy
Using Comparison and Contrast in Essay Writing
Topics can be developed with examples, as in Text A, Unit 6, Book 1, or by analysis using cause and effect, as in Text A, Unit 8, Book 1. Likewise, topics can be developed by analysis using comparison and contrast, as is the case with Text A of this unit.
When planning a comparison and contrast essay, you should bear in mind the following points:
What to Choose for Comparison
You will find it advisable to choose the most significant points for comparison that would support the central idea in your essay. For instance, if you were comparing Smith and Parker in order to show that one is better as a professor, you would choose teaching style as the point of comparison and contrast. Other points, such as life style and age would be irrelevant.
How to Organize Your Essay
You can organize comparison and contrast through two major ways. One way is to examine one subject thoroughly and then start the other. The other way is to examine two subjects at the same time, discussing them point by point.
The first pattern seems easier to manage. The second pattern, on the other hand, makes it easier for readers to see the similarities and differences between the subjects. While both patterns may be effective for short essays, it seems better to use the second for longer essays so as to make it easier for readers to follow.
Unit 2
自从他加盟以来，乔治从早忙到晚。 他总是乐呵呵的，一直全身心地扑在工作上。由于表现出色，他被提升为执行总裁 (CEO = chief executive officer)。从那以后，他尽力和工人打成一片，从不盛气凌人。另外，他制定了一些奖励制度，鼓励工人们努力工作。他相信忠诚和勤劳会大大促使公司获得成功。人们都说他是位出色的执行总裁。
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参考答案:
George was on the run since the moment he came aboard. He was always cheerful and devoted himself heart and soul to his work. Because of his excellent performance he was promoted to CEO. From then on he tried hard to blend in with the workers and never threw his weight around. He also laid down/ introduced a reward system to encourage the workers to work hard. He believed that loyalty and hard work would greatly contribute to the success of the company. By all accounts he was an outstanding chief executive officer. Writing Strategy
How to Write Invitations
Invitations can be written in either a formal way or an informal way according to different gatherings.
Guidelines for formal invitations and formal acknowledgements
Make sure your invitation offers all the information that your recipient needs - the purpose of gathering, the precise date, time, and place.
All invited parties should be mentioned by name. Each name should have a title (e.g. , \\
When accepting, you should restate the occasion and date. If using the very formal style illustrated in the text, you may also add the exact time and place. When extending regrets, you need only state the date, not the time and place. Your response should be sent within several days of receiving the invitation.
Nowadays a message of acceptance or regret can also be sent in the form of a letter rather than laid out (设计) according to the traditional pattern illustrated in the text.
Guidelines for informal invitations and informal acknowledgements
An informal invitation is written in the same comfortable style and tone that you would use to write an informal letter.
Make sure your invitation offers all the information that your recipient needs -- the purpose of gathering, the names of recipients, the precise date, time, and place.
Informal invitations can and should ask for a reply in the body of the letter, rather than use \.P.\
Write a very brief note of acknowledgment using the same tone. Your acknowledgment note should state clearly whether you'll be there or not. If you are sending your regrets, you should offer a brief Unit 3
约翰逊先生的儿子乔治爱在晚上听重金属(heavy metal)音乐，响声干扰了社区其他居民的睡眠。后来，疲惫不堪的邻居们失去了耐心，决定直接干预。他们打电话给约翰逊先生，坦率地把想法告诉了他。约翰逊先生感到很尴尬，便去训斥儿子：“你这是怎么了？你该懂得不能为了你自己的兴趣而妨碍(disturb)别人。”结果乔治拿唱片跟同学换了电脑游戏软件
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