ABSTRACT
With the deepening of the sustainable development, people are active in the development of all kinds of renewable energy, while also advocating green environmental technology of energy saving and reducing emission. Solar energy as a kind of clean excellent renewable energy has become the most valuable new energy. While in the lighting area, long life, energy saving, safety, green environmental protection, rich colors, miniaturization of light emitting diode (LED) solid-state lighting has been considered as one of the important ways of saving energy and environmental protection. The street lamp in this paper simultaneously integrates both the advantages; utilize clean energy and high efficient LED to realize green lighting.
Solar LED lamp is one new type of street lamp by uniting solar photo- voltaic (PV) power generation technology and LED technology. The system stores electrical energy via battery, generated by components of solar cells, to supply night illumination of street lamps. Solar street lamps based on MCU control have many advantages: safety, reliability, easy to maintain; energy saving, without pollution to environment; easy installation, automatic control. Consequently, not only save electrical energy but also avoid the troubles to need adjusting the circuit system due to the different day-and-night’s lengths in the four seasons, to make the street lamp more user-friendly.
Key Words: PV, Battery, LED
目 录
第一章 绪论 ............................................. 1
1.1 概述 ............................................ 1 1.2 太阳能路灯的优势 ................................ 2 1.3 太阳能路灯的应用现状 ............................ 3 1.4 本论文研究的主要内容 ............................ 5 第二章 系统方案论证及选择 ............................... 6
2.1 方案比较与论证 .................................. 6
2.1.1 太阳能电池板的选择 ........................ 6 2.1.2 蓄电池的选择 .............................. 6 2.1.3 照明灯具的选择 ............................ 8 2.1.4 控制器芯片的选择 .......................... 9 2.2 方案的配置与计算 ............................... 11
2.2.1 路灯设计所需的数据 ....................... 11 2.2.3 路灯设计参数的确定 ....................... 12
第三章 系统设计的理论分析 .............................. 14
3.1 系统基本介绍 ................................... 14 3.2 太阳能路灯系统设计总体分析 ..................... 15 3.3 太阳能光伏发电的理论 ........................... 15 3.4 控制器设计的理论基础 ........................... 17 3.5 蓄电池的充放电原理 ............................. 18 3.6 蓄电池充电技术研究 ............................. 20
3.6.1 恒流充电 ................................. 20 3.6.2 恒压充电 ................................. 21
3.6.3 恒压限流充电 ............................. 22 3.6.4 两阶段、三阶段充电 ....................... 22 3.6.5 快速充电 ................................. 23 3.6.6 智能充电 ................................. 24 3.7 LED的发光及驱动原理 ............................ 25
3.7.1 发光原理 ................................. 25 3.7.2 驱动原理 ................................. 27
第四章 系统的硬件设计 .................................. 29
4.1 系统电路框图 ................................... 29 4.2 硬件设计的原理流程图 ........................... 30 4.3 电源电路设计 ................................... 31 4.4 LED指示电路 ................................... 31 4.5 光控电路 ....................................... 32 4.6 LED驱动电路设计 ................................ 33 4.7 涓流充电电路 ................................... 35 4.8 过充、过放控制电路 ............................. 35 4.9 单片机外围电路设计 ............................. 37
4.9.1 复位模块电路设计 ......................... 37 4.9.2 晶振电路 ................................. 37 4.9.3 按键开关电路 ............................. 38 4.9.4 显示模块电路设计 ......................... 38
第五章 系统的软件设计 .................................. 40
5.1 系统软件框图 ................................... 40 5.2 计时程序设计 ................................... 41 5.3 中断程序设计 ................................... 43
