现在完成式 : 到现在某一点时间为止 过去完成式 : 到过去某一点时间为止
将来完成式 : 到将来某一点时间为止, 某个动作已经发生 will have done
by the end of next year到明年年底前
by the end of next year, they will have finished/completed the work on the new stadium. work on... ......的工程 modern buildings 现代化建筑 fantastic 巨大的
...have been designed by... 已经设计好了, 用现在完成时 Everybody will be watching anxiously...人们都将密切注视 as the new building go up
as随着, 引导从句, 状语从句不用将来时态, 不能用 ―...will be built‖ be built强调建造 go up 拔地而起 be excited激动的
look forward to+n./ doing期待(很高兴的), 一定要加名词或动词 ―-ing‖ , 与 ―expect‖ (期待)的区别, ―expect‖ 没有高不高兴的成分
look forward to your letter
because they never been held before in this country before adv在此之前
将来完成时 will have done (till, until) I will have finished it until/till tomorrow.
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
4 By the end of next year they will have finished the new stadium. This means they will finish it ______ the end of next year.
a. at b. before c. after d. long before by the end of next year
by: 到......为止, 在.....之前, 不迟于 = before long before : 在之前很久
7 We are looking forward to the Olympic Games, ______ they have never been held before in this country. a. for b. why c. because of d. due to 7. because : 强调后面的是原因 because of : (介词短语), 不会加句子 why－－不能直接做连词
due to : (介词短语)由于 + 名词 His success is due to his hard work
12 We are looking forward to the Games. So we will be ______ when they begin. a. pleased b. unhappy c. sorry d. impatient 12. look forward to : 期待(高兴) expect : 期待
be pleased : 感到高兴地, 令人满意地 / be pleased to do sth : 乐于做某事 impatient [??????????] adj.不耐烦的, 急躁的, 不耐心的
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5 The buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter, so the designs ______. a. are not complete yet b. are now complete
c. will be completed soon d. haven't been completed yet 5. 完成的概念 be complete.(adj)
complete : (adj)完全的 (v)完成
are now completed / are complete 都可以
【Special Difficulties】 难点 Study these sentences. 细读以下的例句 :
a Hold. The Olympic Games will be held in our country. (1.1)
This verb may be used in the sense of‘conduct’, ‘observe’or‘celebrate’. 这个动词可以用来表示 ―进行‖ 、 ―纪念‖ 或 ―庆祝‖ 的意思.
A festival is held at Edinburgh every year. 节日庆典每年在爱丁堡举行一次.
We are going to hold a meeting tomorrow to discuss the subject. 明天我们准备开一次会来讨论这个议题. The next conference will be held in Geneva. 下次会议将在日内瓦举行. b Look.
The verb look has a different meaning in each sentence : 动词look在每句话中有不同的含义 :
Look forward to (expect with pleasure) 盼望 (高兴地期待着) : I am looking forward to the summer holidays. 我正盼望暑假的到来.
Look out (be careful) 当心 (注意) : Look out! A bus is coming. 当心点, 公共汽车来了.
Look up (get information from a reference book) 查阅 (从参考书中获取资料) : I don't understand this word. I shall look it up in a dictionary. 我不懂这个词的词义, 我要查一下字典.
(visit) 拜访 : Don't forget to look me up when you return. 回来时别忘了来看我.
a、 hold(会议, 宴会) b、 look
look forward to+名词/动词的-ing
I look forward to your letter. / I look forward to receiving your letter. look out : 当心(正发生的) / be careful 事情发生之前 look out of the windows 窗外
―威胁‖ 用 ―watch‖ watch your head 当心你的头 look up : 查阅 , 拜访
look up words in the dictionary查字典
look up sth in the book查参考书, look up message in the book look sb up 拜访 (visit), 习惯上用于拜访某人
He did not look up from his desk.(lesson 15 P68)
Exercise 练习 用hold或look的正确形式填空 :
1 We shall be ______ a party tomorrow. I am ______ it very much. 2 ______! You nearly knocked that jug over!
3 They say he is very famous. I shall ______ him ______ in‘Who's who’.
4 The students' union ______ an interesting debate on capital punishment yesterday. 5 My friend Ingrid lives in Stockholm. Why don't you ______ her______ when you're there? 6 Examinations will be ______ next week. I'm not ______ them.
1. .....holding......looking forward to...... be +动词-ing 14 / 213
2. knock over : 撞到
3. 'Who‘s Who' : 《名人大全》 4. ......held...... debate on : 辩论
debate [???????] v.争论, 辩论 n.争论, 辩论; union [????????] n.联合, 合并, 结合, 联盟, 协会 口语过程三步 : 1、dialogue(对话) 2、discussion(讨论) 3、debate(争论) capital : 首都, 大写
capital punishment : 极刑 (punishment [??????????] n.惩罚, 处罚, 惩处) 国外的极刑 : hot seat 电椅 5. ......look (he) up......
look(sb) up : 拜访, 看看, 在英文中并不一定是很正式的, 只是去看看的意思 6. ......held......looking forward to......
hold an exam : 举行考试 / take the exam : 接受考试
【Composition】作文
Rewrite the following sentences using the joining words in parentheses : 用括号中的连词来改写以下句子 :
1 My brother is going to the Olympic Games. I am going to the Olympic Games. (Both...and) 2 We bought tickets a long time ago. We shall be leaving soon. (and)
3 We shall see the Games. We shall visit many parts of the country. (not only...but...)
1 Both my brother and I are going to the Olympic Games. ―both...and...‖ 作复数看 2 We bought tickets a long time ago and (we) shall be leaving soon.
3 We shall not only see the Games but visit many parts of the country as well.
§ Lesson 38 Everything except the weather 唯独没有考虑到天气
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★except prep 除了
except /except for /besides /apart from
★Mediterranean n (the ~)地中海
Mediterranean [???????????????] n.地中海（=Mediterranean sea, 位于欧, 亚, 非三大洲之间）, 地中海沿岸的居民 adj.地中海的, 地中海民族的
★complain v 抱怨
complain to sb : 向某人抱怨 / complain of/about : 抱怨某事
★continually [????????????] adv 不断地 continue [??????????] v.继续, 连续, 延伸
continuously [?????????????] : 连续不断地 / continually : 连续地, 频繁地(时断时续) the baby cry continually.
★bitterly adv 刺骨地
bitterly cold : 刺骨地寒冷: It‘s bitterly cold. chilly : 寒冷的
bitterly disappointed : 彻底的失望: I am bitterly disappointed.
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disappoint [???????????] vt.使失望
★sunshine n 阳光 也可直接用 ―sun‖ 表示阳光 a drop of : 一缕
a drop of sunshine一缕阳光
【课文讲解】
dream of : 想, 梦见(梦想) think of : 想(思维的活动), 考虑 settle down : 定居
no sooner...than : (关联词)一...就... 同义as soon as,the moment,on doing
had no sooner done...than一般过去时, 固定用法 (时态结构 : 完成时态 + than + 一般过去时) he had no sooner arrived than he called me up.
no sooner放在句首就要倒装 : No sooner had he arrived than he called me up(倒装) almost immediately : 几乎马上, 很快地 (时间上的快, 常用于写作) for : (连词)表示因为(解释说明, 附加的)＝because因为(一定要说的) even though--从句的连词, \即使\让步状语从句)
even though I came here, my mind was absent尽管我人来了, 但我还是心不在焉 for+并列句, 做主句 so many years : 这么多年 after + ...
after it rained for days = after so many days of rain 在这么多天雨之后 after seven years of hard work, he was successful
after ten years of staying in abroad, he decided to return and settle down get a shock : 吓了一跳, 吃了一惊 as if+句子 : 似乎, 好像
过去完成时, 虚拟语气, 与事实相反, 后面的条件是假的
he acted as if he was poor. (as if 后是真是假, 应根据上下文来看) my leg hurts as if it was broken. even though--even if as if-- as though
in the end, it was more than he could bear他再也不能忍受 (口语常用) It was more than I could understand.
I can't affard it ＝ it was more than I can affard.
hardly...when...:还没来得及...就...; 用法同no sooner ... than hardly had sb done (hardly在句首, 要倒装) have time to do sth : 有时间做某事
I have no time to talk with you. 我没时间和你说话 I have time enough to have coffee. 我有足够的时间喝咖啡 knock out : 打晕, 击倒
he had hardly opened his eyes when he was knocked out.
The dream he had had for so many years ended there. 句子主干 : the dream ended He had had the dream for so many years. (the dream 作宾语, 是先行词) except : 除...外, 减号关系
【Letter writing】书信写作 16 / 213
