persecuted England. 3)The
in consequences.美国独立战争极其影响
tea into
③
the the
Washington; appointed committee
a to
harbor.First
first ①the causes:原因With
the
English colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown, 美洲的continental Congress会
议
第一届大陆
In
draft a formal declaration(Thomas
was development of economy,the people in the :
September 1774, Jefferson 第一块英国殖民地于Virginia, in
1607.
Between1607 and
1733
the British
established 13 colonies along the east coast of
North
America.They were Virginia, Maine,
New
Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Rhode Island, Maryland,
North Carolina,Sout h Carolina,New
Jersey,
Pennsylvania and Georlina. 3）The American War
of
Independence and
its
colonies wanted more
power
to
determine their
own business.But the policy of the
British
government was to
bring
the
development under control and
collect
more taxes from the colonies ②the Boston Tea Party(波士顿茶叶事件):
In
1773, several
dozen
Boston residents dressed as
Indians boarded the ships
of
the British East
India
Company
and threw the
the
First
Continental Congress was held
in
Philadelphia which
encouraged Americans
to
refuse to bry British goods.④Lexington and Concord(列克星顿和康克特)：The War of Independence began at there in
1775.
⑤The
Second
Continental Congress
第二次大陆
会议(three weeks after the battle at Lexington
in
1775 ):founded a Continental Army and Navy under the command
of
the
man
who
draft it), the Declaration of Independence, And adopted the Declaration of Independence
on July 4, 1776.⑥
The
Declaration is a
clear
explanation of the
political
theory
behind
the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke.宣言清晰地解释了指导这场革命的政治理论，这一理论源于英国哲学家约翰。洛克。 ⑦
The
conseq
uences意 义: IN
September ,1783, the Treaty
of Paris 巴黎条约was signed. Britain
recognized the independence of the United States英国承认美国独立; the war was from 1775 to 1781, it shows that, in a just war ,American people gained independence and capitalism developed in America. It also had great international influence.4)Establishment of a federal form of
govermen: 联邦政府的建立
①The Articles of
Confederation was unusual in many ways.十三洲联邦宪法的不同之处在于1)it provided for no
king;2)while the Articles
created a central
government in the form of a Congress,the emphasis was still on state powers.3)the Articles of Confederation was a written constitution for the
U.S..But there were serious weaknesses,it was difficult to carry on the business of the government without
someone to do the executive’s job.Congress was too large a body to
function as government.And Congress had no power to raise taxes.A conference was held in
Philadelphia in May 1787 to
consider what should be done to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. ①forced
England to give up the Old Northwest;迫使英格兰放弃旧西北地区
②Purchased the Louisiana from Nepoleon.(1790’s) 向拿破伦购买路易斯安那州
③forced Spain to cede Florida and the Gulf coast.迫使西班牙放弃弗罗里达和墨西哥海岸。 ④Texas added to the
Union(1845).1845,德克萨斯加入联邦 ⑤Obtained
California and New Mexico From Mexico by the war with Mexico (1846-1848)从墨西哥战争1846-4848，得到加利福尼亚和新墨西哥。 ⑥The Gadsden Purchase(1853)
another 30,000 square miles of Mexican land were added to the territory of the U.S.,in return,the U.S.paid 10 million
dollars.1853年的‘加滋登购地’中，又有3万平方英里的墨西哥变成了美国领土，美国付了1千万美圆的补偿。
6)The American Civil War and its impaction on the
development t of the U.S 。
The Thirteenth Amendment,which banned slavery,was added to the Constitution in
December,1865.废除奴隶制的第十三修正案于1865年12月写入宪法。 ⑦Rapid Growth of Capitalism after the Civil War 内战后资本主义的迅速
发展
After the war, the U.S. saw great
developments in Industry, agriculture, science and technology, and population.①reasons: a stable political environment after the war was over; enough labour supply after black slaves were free; new immigrants; Science and invention played a very important role in
accelerating America’s industrial development; the federal goverment put high taxes on foreign
imports; the
Rich natural resources.。②consequences: Both
production and capital became increasingly concentrated.生产和资本越来越集中。
3.American History (1900-1945)
1)Economic growth in the early
20th
century经济增长 ①
tremendous
growth of the American
economy(between the end of the civil war and 1900):
Steam
and
electricity replaced human muscle,steel took the place of
iron.Machines and
oil
were
used.People and goods could move
by
railroads.in 1900 it became the
largest
producer of
coal and steel in the world.②features in the gro wth of the economy:济发展的特点
1)
there
emerged a growth
of
industrial and financial mergers. By
1910,
incorporation had become the dominant type; 2)With
the development of industry and
the extension of
railroad
network,there was a mushroom growth of cities
and
urbanization; 3)there was a rapid
development of
new technology.The automobile and radio also
developed. America was on the
way
of becoming a nation on
wheels.
2)progressivi
sm and some of the
reform
efforts.
Progressivism(1.进步主义,革新论), also known as the
Progressive Movement, appeared
in
America at the turn of
the
20th
century.
social area
社会
领域:to improve living conditions of the poor,
to
ban
child labour,
work
hour limit for women
workers,and industrial accident
insurance. Political area政治领域:to reform
state and city governments and economic area
经济领域:to
regulate
big
businesses. ①the Muckraker搜集并揭
s
and
Progressive(逐
渐上升的) Movement:The Muckrakers,a
group
of
reform-minded journalists,made
investigations and exposed various dark
sides
of
society.Progressive Movement was not
an
organized campaign with clearly defined
goals.Rather, it was a number of
diverse
efforts at political,social,
and
economic
reforms.3) r
ole of the U.S. in WWI5)the
Great
Depression(1929-1937)
and
the New Deal 大萧条和新政
①no regulation or control over
various kinds
of investment
companies.The banking system lacked stability. stock
market
speculation（股票市场投机） and over expansion
of
credit.(借贷过度膨胀)stock market crash (1929):
America’
s
stock
market
crash came on October 24,1929, called
the
black Thursday 股
票
崩
盘
：
1929.10.24，被称为黑色星期四。 ②
the
unemployed went up; Misery
and personal sufferings were
widespread.失业率增加，不幸和痛苦到处可见。 6)Franklin Roosevelt
and
the New Deal ①
Roosevelt
became the U.S. president
in
1932. He had a sure sense of what
seemed
practical or possible. He
was
a
great
communicator, able to talk to people in all walks of life. His “fireside chats”over the radio
were
listened to by millions of people.②
the
New
Deal:
Measure of the New
Deal
include
establishment
and
strengthening of
government
regulation and control of
banking; Federal government management
of relief and security
system（社会救济保障体系）; recovery of industry
and
agriculture; passage
of
federal labour laws;
improvement of the situation of
minorities
and members of certain religious groups.These measures,was to
“
save
American
democracy”.and help overcome
the
most
serious economic
crisis of the capitalist system
up
to
that time.新政：建立和加强政府对银行的管理和
