中国教育培训领军品牌
［析］ make up of…是\某物由……组成或构成\。 many ［误］ I have many friends. ［正］ I have a lot of friends. ［析］ many和much多用于疑问句或否定句中，而在肯定句中则用处不多，尤其在非正式谈话中。如： -How much money have you got? -I've got plenty. ［误］ You bought much too tomatoes. ［正］ You bought too many tomatoes. ［析］ too many后接可数名词，too much后接不可数名词，而much too后面接形容词，意为\太多\。 ［误］ For many a weeks it rained a lot. ［正］ For many a week it rained a lot. ［析］ many a意为\好多\、\许多\，但其后面要加单数名词 。 matter ［误］ No matter what you did. ［正］ No matter what you did, I trusted you. ［析］ No matter是个词组，意为\不论\，它的语法功能是起连接作用，所以不能用于一个单独的句子。 it doesn't matter这个词组则不是一个连接词组，所以可以和一个单句连用，如： It doesn't mater what you say. (你说什么都不要紧。) maybe ［误］ May be he is right. ［正］ Maybe he is right. ［析］ maybe是副词，不要错用为may be. maybe perhaps 这两个词的词意一样，maybe常用于非正式谈话，而perhaps则多用在正式文体中。如： Maybe/Perhaps the weather will get better. 而Julius Caesar is perhaps the greatest of Shakespeare's early plays. mend ［误］ I want to have my bike mended. ［正］ I want to have my bike repaired. ［析］ mend意为\缝补\，如： My mother mended my coat. 而repair是\修理\。 mind ［误］ Could you mind to close the door? ［正］ Could you mind closing the door? ［误］ Try to make up your mind studying hard. ［正］ Try to make up your mind to study hard. ［析］ mind用作动词时，其后加动名词；而用作名词意为\下定决心\时，其后要加不定式。 要注意Do you mind if I smoke?的答语： 如果你不介意，应回答\go ahead.\如果你不想让对方吸烟，则应讲\please don't.\ miss ［误］ I found my bag missed. ［正］ I found my bag missing. ［析］ missing为形容词，其意为\不见了\、\丢了\。在句中用作宾语补足语时不要误用missed，它作动词41
选择优学 成就未来
中国教育培训领军品牌
时多为及物动词，要接名词或动名词，而不接不定式。如： I missed the first train, I don't want to miss seeing the famous football player.在作补足语讲某物\不见了\时有missing, gone, lost等，如： I found my bag missing (gone, lost). mistake ［误］ I took your pen by wrong. ［正］ I took your pen by mistake. ［析］ by mistake是\错拿了\、\误拿了\你的东西。wrong意为\错误\，而by mistake为\弄混了\。如： ［误］ If I'm not wrong, you are Mr Brown. ［正］ If I'm not mistaken, you are Mr Brown. (如果我没弄错的话，您是Brown先生。) ［误］ The teachers always mistook me as my brother. ［正］ The teachers always mistook me for my brother. ［析］ mistake…for…是\错把……当作……\之意，如： I took your book for mine. more ［误］ This book is more better than that one. ［正］ This book is much better than that one. ［析］ 不能用比较级来修饰比较级，而应用much, rather等来修饰比较级。 ［误］ More you read, more you learn. ［正］ The more you read, the more you learn. ［析］ 在\越……越……的\表达法中，形容词的比较级前要加定冠词。请注意more than one这个词组的后面要跟单数名词和单数谓语动词。如： More than one student is going to do part time job after school. no more than not morethan no more than应译为\只不过\、\才\，如： He wrote no more than three books. 即他真正写了三本书。而not more than则意为\不会多于\，如： He wrote not more than three books. 即他写的书不会多于三本。又如： He is no shorter than you. 应译为\你和他都不矮\，而He is not shorter than you. 才应译为\他比你高。\ most ［误］ Most of students are good at English. ［正］ Most of the students are good at English. ［正］ Most students are good at English. ［析］ most of这一结构后面的名词前一定要有一个限定词。 ［误］ My friends are most teachers. ［正］ My friends are mostly teachers. ［析］ mostly意为\大部分的\，\主要的\。 much ［误］ The boy was asleep very much. ［正］ The boy was fast asleep. ［析］ 不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰，如fast asleep意为\熟睡\，则是固定搭配。像interesting, exciting, surprising这些形容词化的现在分词，以及tired, interested这些形容词化的过去分词则要用very来修饰。 must ［误］ He must be in the office, and mustn't go home. ［正］ He must be in the office, and can't go home. ［析］ must加动词原形为对事情的肯定推测，而否定的推测则要用can't加动词原形。 ［误］ It must have rained now. 42
选择优学 成就未来
中国教育培训领军品牌
［正］ It must have rained yesterday. ［析］ \过去分词\为对过去发生事情的推测。这句话应译为\昨天一定是下雨了。\又如： I must go and call him. He must have forgotten it. must have to must用来表示说话者觉得某件事有必要去做，如I must stop smoking. 其意为：我自己认为我要戒烟；而have to则多用来表达由于来自外界的因素而不得不去做的事，如： I have to go to school tomorrow.must无过去式，当用在讲过去某件必须要做的事时要用had to, 如： When I was young, I had to go to the factory.在否定句中mustn't意为：一定不要做某事，如： You mustn't tell this to Tom. 而haven't to则多意为没有必要去做，如： You don't have to tell this to Tom. 而英语中多用needn't 来取代haven't to. myself ［误］ I can't play pingpong myself. ［正］ I can't play pingpong by myself. ［析］ 第一句并无语法错误，myself为\我亲自要去\，而by myself为\独自一人\。这句话要表达的意思是\我一个人无法打乒乓球。\而I want to play pingpong myself. 应译为\我自己想去打乒乓球。\ Ｎ name ［误］ She was named of a flower. ［正］ She was named after a flower. ［析］ 以……命名应为name after，又如给某人取名应为The father named his son Tom. near ［误］ We came near to hit him. ［正］ We came near to hitting him. ［析］ 这句话应译为\我们几乎要打他一顿。\这一用法中to为介词，其后要接宾语，所以要接名词或动名词。near作介词时其后可加to也可不加to，如： I sit near the door, I sit near to the fire. by near We lived near the city. 与We lived by the city. 两句话都是对的，但其表达的意义有所不同，by在表达距离时比near更近，所以by the city是紧靠近某城市。 need ［误］ This room needs to clean. ［正］ This room needs to be cleaned. ［正］ This room needs cleaning. ［析］ 在表达某事需要做什么时，need后面如用不定式要用其被动态，如接动名词则要用主动态。 ［误］ We need not to do it. ［正］ We needn't do it. ［析］ need用在否定句、疑问句中一般用作情态动词，所以无人称变化也不加to，而在肯定句中则多用作实意动词，如： We need your help. neither ［误］ None of my parents is a teacher. ［正］ Neither of my parents is a teacher. ［析］ 对两者的否定不能用none只能用neither, none用于三人以上的情况。 43
选择优学 成就未来
中国教育培训领军品牌
［误］ I don't do my homework. Neither he does. ［正］ I don't do my homework. Neither does he. ［析］ 这时应用倒装句。 ［误］ Neither you nor I are right. ［正］ Neither you nor I am right. ［析］ neither…nor… 这一句型在应用时其谓语动词应以邻近的主语一致。 ［误］ Neither he studies nor plays. ［正］ Neither does he study nor play. ［析］ neither, hardly, seldom等否定词位于句首时，谓语动词采用倒装形式。 never ［误］ Never I have broken my word. ［正］ Never have I broken my word. ［析］ never用于句首时起强调作用，要用倒装语序。但用于句中一般放于情态动词、助动词、或be动词后面，如： I shall never forgot the expression on her face. Lost time is never found again. 用于成语中，如： Better late than never. (晚做比不做强。)never mind没关系，如： \ news ［误］ There are many news about the accident. ［正］ There is much news about the accident. ［析］ news是不可数名词，它没有复数形式，如果讲一条新闻要用a piece of news. newspaper ［误］ I read the news on today's newspaper. ［正］ I read the news in today's newspaper. ［析］ 在报纸上读到某一条新闻一定要用介词in，而on the newspaper是指把某物放于报纸之上，如： May I put the flower on this newspaper? night ［误］ I came home very late yesterday night. ［正］ I came home very late last night. ［析］ \昨晚\一般要讲last night，而不应参照\昨天上午、下午、傍晚\的说法yesterday morning等套用。 no none no是个限定词，它可以用在可数名词单复数或不可数名词前，如： No news is good news. 但如果名词前有另一限定词时则不能用no，而要用none of，如None of the students was here. no not 要使句子具有部分否定的意思，我们用not，如： I can see you tomorrow, but not Sunday. 如果是全部否定则用no，如Sorry, there is no time to talk. No one none no one与nobody一样不能接of结构，如： No one wished me good luck. 而要用of结构时要用none, 如： None of my friends wished me good luck. nor ［误］ I never saw the painting before, or did I hear of it. ［正］ I never saw the painting before, not did I hear of it. ［析］ 注意在表达\既不……也不……\时不要用or作连词，而要用nor，并且要用倒装语序。 44
选择优学 成就未来
