定 语 从 句
一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句：
Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词
关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词：
定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法：
1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen.
2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week? （二）关系副词的用法：
1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born? (三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点：
1． 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如：
I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.
2． 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：
I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated.
I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句
This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 2．非限制性定语从句
This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.
As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where不可以用that和why。 注意：
I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.
Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you. = Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you. 4．先行词为整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，用which或as来引导。如： He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.
注：（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前、中、后，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。 They are hollow, which makes them very light. As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China. （2）as常译成“就象… …那样”，正如…. as 的短语
As everybody knows, Luxun is a famous writer. Luxun, as everybody knows, is a famous writer.
as we all know , as often happens, as you see, as is known to all as is expected, as has been said before, as I can remember 四．关系词的选择
1． 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，只能用that，不用which的情况：
(1) 当先行词是all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。如：
All that can be done has been done.
In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.
(2) 当先行词被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。如： We heard clearly every word that he said.
(3) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如： The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.
When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.
(4) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容 词最高级同时修饰时，如： Is that the best that you can do?
That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in. This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.
(5) 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。如： This is the very book that I want to find.
(6) 当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：
The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace. She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most. (7) 当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Which is the car that killed the boy?
2. 在定语从句中，当先行词指人时，用who(m)，而不用that的情况： (1) 当先行词是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等词时。如：
Is there anyone who can answer this question?
He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp. (2) 当先行词是he, they, those, people, person等词时。如： He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet. Those who are against the proposal put up your hands.
3. 在定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词that: (1) 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? Which of us that knows anything does not know this? (2) 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如： He is the greatest man that has ever lived.
(3) 当先行词被the only, the very, the last等词所修饰时。如： She is the only person that understands me.
4介词+关系代词 介词的选择 1.介词与定语从句中的动词、形容词搭配
Human have the ability to modify the environment they live. He was generous with his time, I was grateful. 2. 介词与 先行词搭配
By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ____ appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which
3.of which 的用法
1） For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, ____ New York is an example. A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which 2）The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which
选择正确的介词：on in for of with to
1. I disagree with the facts ____ which your argument is based. 2. The song, ___ which he was interested, will never be heard again. 3. This is the reason ____ which he often comes to school late. 4. I will never forget the way ____ which my father taught me. 5. This is the boy _____ whom we’re proud.
6. I want to find the very pen ___which I wrote the letter. 7. They are the boys ____whom our teachers are speaking highly. 8. It is necessary to name the person ____whom the cards belong. 9. It is important to choose good friends ___ whom you can share your happiness. 10. I would like to do business with those people ___whom I can rely.
