When an apparent murder took place outside a block of flats in New York, residents must have 57 or seen something, yet there was no 58 to the police and no one came out to help or investigate.
Another 59 showed that some people will change their opinion in order to conform to the majority 60 . A group of people were shown a picture of a series of lines and asked to choose those which were most 61 in length. All 62 one of the people in the group had been informed 63 to give a wrong answer. The one who had not been informed in advance did not know this and at first gave the correct answer. But, when he heard the others, he changed his mind and agreed to 64 that the others were right.
50. A. reject 51. A. strangers 52. A. put up 54. A. confused
B. adopt
C. adapt D. adjust
B. friends C. opponents D. neighbors B. rush out
C. escape from D. stand out
C. desirable D. noticeable C. planning
D. assuring D. confirmed D. call D. description D. agreement D. alike D. considering D. clearly D. suppose
53. A. instinct B. dream C. desire D. goal
B. unexpected
55. A. involved in B. taken out C. isolated from D. ignorant of 56. A. estimating B. assuming 57. A. investigated B. indicated 58. A. complaint
C. heard C. comment C. argument
B. hint B. trust B. same
B. besides
59. A. experiment B. factor C. proposal 60. A. view 61. A. apart 62. A. except 64. A. refer Section B
C. likely C. including
63. A. definitely B. previously C. doubtfully B. decline C. accept
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Since the early eighties we have been only too aware of the destructive effects of large-scale environmental pollution. Such pollution is generally the result of poor government planning in many developing nations or the short-sighted, selfish policies that encourage a minority of the world’s population to waste the majority of its natural resources.
While events such as cutting trees in the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure, as do acts of environmental damage, it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale. A large proportion of the world’s pollution has its source much
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close to home. The recent spillage (溢出)of crude oil from an oil tanker accidentally putting its oil straight into Sydney harbor not only caused serious damage to the harbor foreshores but also created severe poisonous fumes which hung over suburbs for days and left the angry residents wondering how such disaster could have been allowed to happen.
Avoiding pollution can be a full time job. Try not take in traffic fumes; keep away from chemical plants and building-sites; wear a mask when cycling. It is enough to make you want to stay at home. But that, according to a growing body of scientific evidence, would also be a bad idea. Research shows that levels of pollutants such as dangerous gases, particular matter and other chemical “nasties” are usually higher indoors than out, even in the most polluted cities. Since the average American spends 18 hours indoors for every hour outside, it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target.
A latest study, conducted by two engineers of University of Texas in Austin, and published in Environmental Science and Technology, suggests that it is the process of keeping clean that may be making indoor pollution worse. The researchers have found that baths, showers, dishwashers and washing machines can all be significant sources of indoor pollution, because they have found small amounts of chemicals in the water that these appliances use.
65. In the first paragraph, the writer argues that pollution __________________.
A. has increased since the eighties B. is at its worst in developed countries C. results from poor relations between nations D. is caused by human self-interest
66. The Sydney Harbor oil spillage was the result of a(n)_________________.
A. ship’s fuel refilling in the harbor B. tanker pumping oil into the sea C. accident between two oil tankers D. carefully considered act of damage 67. What does the author suggest in the third paragraph?
A. People should avoid working in cities. B. Americans spend too little time outdoors.
C. Dangerous gases are concentrated in industrial suburbs. D. There are several ways to avoid city pollution.
68. What does the research team of the University of Texas in Austin suppose?
A. Poisonous chemicals can pass from air to water. B. Pollution may be caused by dishwashers and baths. C. City water contains sufficient poisonous chemicals. D. Household appliances are poorly designed.
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B CALIFORNIA STATE COLLEGE WORKIGN CONDITIONS AND BENEFITS FOR EMPLOYEES Payday Employees are paid every other Friday. If Friday is a holiday, payday will be the following Monday. Generally, employees pick up the pay checks in their department; if not, they may be picked at the business office. Overtime All the worked over eight hours in one day and forty hours in a workweek, and also the first eight hours worked on the seventh day of work in a workweek is considered overtime for non-exempt employees. The supervisor must approve all overtime before overtime occurs. Hours in excess of eight hours on the seventh day and in excess of twelve hours in one day will be paid at double time. Exempt employees receive no additional compensation for overtime hours. Parking All employees who will be parking in a staff parking zone must obtain a parking permit. A monthly pre-tax payroll deduction can be made by visiting Human Resources. If you wish to pay cash, present your staff I.D. card and license number to the Cashier’s office. The Safety Department will ticket cars without a parking permit and a fine will be applied. Holidays All regular and temporary full-time employees generally receive approximately 13 paid holidays during the course of each calendar year. Regular part-time employees will receive holiday benefits worked out using a prorated system. The holiday schedule is initiated annually. Personal Holiday Each employed is granted one extra day as a Personal Holiday at the time of hire, and at the beginning of each calendar year. Personal Holiday hours must be taken at one time (eight hours full-time or prorated based on the employee’s time). Employees requesting Personal Holiday will be required to complete “Leave Request’ forms. No more than one Personal Holiday is authorized annually. 69. Who has the authority to approve the overtime an employee wishes to do? A. Cashier. B. Safety department officer. C. Supervisor. D. Human resources officer.
70. Where should employees go if they wish to have the parking charge taken off their salary? A. Human Resources. B. Business Office. C. Cashier’s Office. D. Safety Department. 71. What must an employee do to select their Personal Holiday Hours? A. Inform the supervisor of his leave. B. Fill in a form to request for the leave. C. Add up his working time by himself. D. Take the holiday at one time.
C
In general, it seems reasonable to suppose that we should prefer peace and quiet to noise. And yet most of us have had the experience of having to adjust to sleeping in the mountains or the countryside because it was initially “too quiet”, an experience that suggests that humans are capable of adapting to a
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wide range of noise levels. Research supports this view. For example, Glass and Singer (1972) exposed people to short bursts of very loud noise and then measured their ability to work out problems and their physiological (生理的) reactions to the noise. The noise was quite disruptive at first, but after about four minutes the subjects were doing just as well on their tasks as control subjects who were not exposed to noise. Their physiological reactions also declined quickly to the same levels as those of the control subjects.
But there are limits to adaptation and loud noise becomes more troublesome if the person is required to concentrate on more than one task. For example, high noise levels affect the performance of subjects who were required to monitor three dials at a time, a task not unlike that of a plane pilot or an air-traffic controller. Similarly, noise did not affect a subject’s ability to track a moving line with a steering wheel, but it did affect the subject’s ability to repeat numbers while tracking (Finkelm and Glass 1970).
Probably the most significant finding from the research on noise is that its predictability is more important than how loud it is. We are much more able to “tune out” long-lasing background noise, even if it is quite loud, than to work under circumstances with unexpected disturbance of noise. In Glass and Singer’s study, in which subjects were exposed to bursts of noise as they worked on a task, some subjects heard loud bursts and others heard soft bursts. For some subjects, the bursts were spaced exactly one minute apart (predictable noise); others heard the some amount of noise overall, but the bursts occurred at random intervals (unpredictable noise). Subjects reported finding the predictable and unpredictable noise equally annoying, and all subjects performed at about the same level during the noise portion of the experiment. But the different noise conditions had quite different after-effects when the subjects were required to proofread (校对) written material under conditions of no noise. The study shows that the unpredictable noise produced more errors in the later proofreading task than predictable noise; and soft unpredictable noise actually produced slightly more errors on this task than the loud predictable noise.
Apparently, unpredictable noise produces more fatigue (tiredness) than predictable noise, but it takes a while for this fatigue to take its toll on performance.
72. When talking about people’s difficulty in sleeping in the mountains, what can be inferred in the
passage?
A. They usually do not prefer peace and quiet to noise. B. They may be exposed to short bursts of very strange sounds. C. They prefer to hear a certain amount of noise while they sleep. D. They may not have adapted to a higher noise level in the city. 73. What did Glass and Singer find in their noise experiment?
A. Problem-solving is much easier under quiet conditions. B. Physiological reactions prevent the ability to work.
C. Bursts of noise hardly disturb problem-solving in the long term.
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