第二部分 表语从句
在复合句中担任表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句放在连系动词之后，使用陈述语序。 一、表语从句的引导词：
1）连接词：that, whether, because, as if, as though, as 2) 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever 3）连接副词：where，when, how, why
1、that引导陈述句，只起连接作用，其本身无意义，在口语或非正式英语中可以省。例： （1）The fact is that Bill has known it.
此句的表语是________________________________引导词是________ 翻译：事实是比尔已经知道了这件事。
（2）The trouble is (that) I have lost his address.
此句的表语是________________________________引导词是________ 翻译： 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
（3）My suggestion is that he (should) turn the land into rice field.
此句的表语是________________________________引导词是________ 翻译：我的建议是他应该把这块土地改造成稻田。
2、whether引导一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句，意思是“是否”。例如：（1）The question is whether we will go for an outing tomorrow.
此句的表语是________________________________引导词是________ 翻译：问题是明天我们是否去郊游。
（2）My question is whether he left（or not）。
此句的表语是________________________________引导词是________ 翻译： 我的问题是他是否离开了。
（3）The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 此句的表语是________________________________引导词是________ 翻译：问题是我们是否能在这么短的时间内做好准备。 3、as, as if/though。
（1）She looks as if she were the mother of the orphons. 此句的表语是________________________________ 翻译：她就好像是那些孤儿的妈妈一样。 （2）Things are not as they seemed to be.
此句的表语是________________________________ 翻译：情况并不是看上去的那个样子。
（3）He looked just as if he had looked ten years before. 此句的表语是_______________________________ 翻译：他看起来还与十年前一样。 4、because, 意思是“因为”
（1）It's just because he doesn't know her.
此句的表语是________________________________ 翻译：这仅仅是因为他不认识她。 （2）That’s because he was ill.
此句的表语是________________________________ 翻译：那是因为他当时生病了。
（3）It was because he didn't pass the exam.
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此句的表语是________________________________ 翻译：那是因为他没有通过考试。
5、who, whom, which, whose, where, when, why, how等引导的表语从句。 （1）The problem is who we can get to replace her.
此句的表语是________________________________引导词是________在从句中作________ 翻译：问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
（2）What we looking into is what caused the accident .
此句的表语是________________________________引导词是________在从句中作________ 翻译：我们正在调查的是造成事故的原因。
（3） A question worth attention is how we can stop pollution.
此句的表语是________________________________引导词是________在从句中作________ 翻译：一个值得注意的问题是我们如何控制污染。 （4）That is why he didn't come here.
此句的表语是________________________________引导词是________在从句中作________ 翻译： 这就是他为何没到这儿来的原因。 二、带表语从句的系动词
可接表语从句的连系动词除be外，常见的有：look，seem，sound，appear，remain,等。例： （1）The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 此句的表语是________________________________ 翻译： 问题还是他们能否帮我们。
（2） At that time，it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word. 此句的表语是________________________________ 翻译：当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。 三、要注意的几个问题
1、比较：That's because?强调原因；That's why?强调结果。例如： （1）That's because he didn't understand me.
此句的表语是________________________________ 翻译：那是因为他没有理解我。
（2）This is why we can’t get the support of the people. 此句的表语是________________________________ 翻译：这就是我们为什么得不到别人支持的原因。 （3）That's why he got angry with me.
此句的表语是________________________________ 翻译：那正是他对我生气的原因。
2. 名词reason作主语时，表语从句用that而不用because或why引导，例如：. (1）The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me. 我难过的原因就是他不理解我。
(2）The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.他上学迟到的原因就是他误了早班车。
3、what和that在表语从句中的区别
what除了充当引导词外还在从句中充当成分，其意义相当于一个名词加that引导的定语从句（something that…）；that只起连接作用，不充当句子成分。例如： （1）That was what we wanted to know. 那是他想要知道的
（2）It seems to me that we should answer for this. 在我看来，我们似乎应该对此事负责。
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（3）It seems to be what we should answer for.好像这就是我们要负责的事。 4、只能使用whether引导表语从句,意为“是否”，不能用if引导。 5、使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形” 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，plan，idea，request, requirement, demand, recommendation, wish,等。例如：
My suggestion is that she （should） start early tomorrow. 我的建议是她明天一早就出发。
表语从句练习题 一 选择题：
（ ）1. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.
A. that B. if C. when D. whether
（ ）2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.
A. because B. that C. for D. because of
（ ）3. Go and get your coat. It’ s ________you left it
A. where B. there C. there where D. where there
（ ）4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted
A. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get
（ ）5. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.
A. that B. if C. whether D.不填
（ ）6. The reason is_________I missed the bus.
A. that B. when C. why D. what
（ ）7. That is __ ___ we were late last time.
A. that B. when C. why D. what
（ ）8. She looked _________ she were ten years younger. A. that B. like C. as D. as though
（ ）9.—I feel sick! --I think it is _______ you are doing too much.
A. why B. when C. what D. because
（ ）10. The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.
A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mother’s being ill C. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill
（ ）11. —He was born here.
-- That is _______ he likes the place so much.
A. that B. what C. why D. how
（ ）12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.
A. what B. where C. that D. why 二．that/what的区别
（ ）1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.
A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are （ ）2. The trouble is _______we are short of tools.
A. what B. that C. how D. why that
（ ）3. America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.
A. what B. where C. the place D. there where
（ ）4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_________ .
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A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being C. what it used to being D. what it was used to be
（ ）5. ________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.
A. What … that B. That … what C. What … what D. That … what
（ ）6. The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.
A. that B. which C. what D. such
答案 DBACCACDDCCB that/what的区别 DBAAAC 三．【高考链接】从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（ ）1. It is not always easy for the public to see _____ use a new invention can be of to
human life. (重庆2011) A. whose B. what C. which D. that
（ ）2. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____ it is he is trying to
express. (安徽2011)
A. that B. how C. who D. what
（ ）3.The shocking news made me realize _____ terrible problems we would face. (北京2011)
A. what B. how C. that D. why
（ ）4. I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes anything.
(山东2011)
A. that B. when C. where D. why
（ ）5. We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know _____ she’ll accept it. (山东2011)
A. where B. what C. whether D. which
（ ）6. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____
others actually understand. (上海2011)
A. why B. that C. which D. what
（ ）7. We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010课标全国卷) A. that B. which C. what D. where （ ）8. Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season. (山东2010)
A. why B. what C. how D. which （ ）9. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew ______ she
was so angry. (湖南2010)
A. where B. whether C. that D. why
（ ）10. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on ______ he goes with,
whether his friends or relatives. (四川2010) A. what B. who C. how D. why
（ ）11. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was
______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. (北京2010) A. what B. that C. why D. whether
（ ）12. —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s ______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life. (江苏2010)
A. where B. how C. when D. what Key:【高考链接】1-5 BDADC 6-10 DDBDB 11-12 BA
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第三部分 that 引导各种从句的省略
一、that引导定语从句时，充当关系代词。 1.that在定语从句中作宾语时，往往可省略。 He is the man(that)I gave the money to. 2. that在定语从句中作主语时，不可省略。 He's the man that lives next door. 3.that在way, distance后面常可省略。
I went out the same way(that)I'd got in.
二、that引导名词性从句时，充当连词，本身无实际意义。
1. that引导主语从句、同位语从句及表语从句时，书面语中，通常不可省略。 It was known long ago that air has pressure.
They all know the fact that Taiwan is part of China.
Their suggestion is that should improve their working conditions. 2. that在引导宾语从句时，通常可省略。
We know(that)sound can travel through air.
但注意：1）在介词后的宾语从句中that常不可省略，且前面往往有个形式宾语it:
（1）You may depend on it that they will support your plan. （2）See to it that you are not late again.
2)两个宾语从句连用时，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that。 I believe(that)you've done your best and that things will improve.
三、that引导状语从句时，充当连词，有时也可省略。
1.（结果状语从句）The sound is so weak(that)you can't hear it.
2. (某些边际连词)如：the moment that, the minute that, the instant that 中省略that.
The monent(that)he spoke,we recognized his voice.
总之，that的省略现象在中学教材中很普遍，只要我们留心观察，不断总结便可掌握其基本用法
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