Unit4 Don’t eat in class
1.【重点短语】 Listen to 听…..
be late for class 上课迟到 do the dishes 清洗餐具 every day 每天 in class 课堂上
too many rules 太多规则 go out 外出(娱乐) dining hall 餐厅 have to 不得不 be strict(with sb.)(对某人)要求严格 (be)on time 准时 after school 放学后
follow the rules 遵守规则 at school 在学校 在上课
2【日常用语归纳】
1. 向对方询问规章制度,看自己能否做某事 Can we wear hates?
What are the rules at your school? What else do you have to do? 2、表示许可或不允许做某事 You can’t eat in the classroom. We can eat in the cafeteria.
We don’t have to wear a school uniform. Don’t eat in class.
3【语法】
1、 祈使句Don’t……
2、 Can用于表示请求Can I/we…..? 3、 情态动词must和have to的用法
*【语言知识精讲】:
【 Class 】班级,一节课,全班同学 Class用作名词。有以下几种意思
(1) 表示一般意义上的‘课,上课’,为不可数名词,而且一般前面不用冠词。
It’s time for class.到上课的时候了。
(2) 表示具体的授课时间或上课节数,是可数名词。
We have five English classes every week.我们每周有五节英语课。
(3) 表示‘全班同学’,是集合名词。
----Good morning,Miss Wang.王老师,早上好! ---- Good morning,class(boys and girls)!同学们,早上好!
(4) 表示‘班级’ I’m in class one.我在一班
What class are you in?你在哪个班?
【school rules】
(1) rule 规则 规章 规定
But I learned a new safety rule,today. 但是今天我学到了一条新的安全规则。 What are the rules?规则是什么? Traffic rule 交通规则
(2) 遵守规则:keep rules/obey rules/follow rules (3) 违反规则:against rules/break rules
【which rules are these students breaking?】这些学生违反了那些规则?
If you break the rules,you will get into trouble.要是违反规定,你会惹麻烦的。
Students must obey(observe,follow,keep)the rules of the school.学生们必须遵守校规。 It is against the rules to handle the ball in football match.足球赛中以手触球为犯规。
*[此外,rule 还可以作‘统治’讲,是不可数名词;也可以作动词,其后可以接介词over,组成词组rule over,后接宾语,意为‘统治……’]
The king’s rule lasted fifty years.那个国家的统治持续了五十年。 He ruled over the country for ten years.他通知了这个国家十年。
【Don’t arrive late for class.】上课不要迟到
(1) 此句是祈使句的否定句。祈使句是以动词原形开头,表达命令或者祈使的句子。其
否定句式在句首加don’t。
Don’t talk in class 不要再课堂上说话。
Don’t worry,I can help you.不要着急,我会帮助你的。
(2) arrive 到达 ① arrive late for…… 为固定搭配,意为‘做某事迟到’,相当于be late for…..
Don’t arrive late for meeting.开会别迟到。
He was late for work yesterday.昨天他上班迟到了。 ② arrive是不及物动词,后面跟地点名词时需要加介词in或者at,at后面加小地点,in
后面加大地点。
We arrived at the village. We arrived in New York.
【We can’t listen to music in the classroom or hallways.But we can listen to it outside or in the music room.】我们不能在教室或走廊里听音乐,但我们能在外面或音乐厅里听。
(1) 句子中can’t是情态动词的否定式can not的缩写,意为不能。Can后接动词原形,
没有人称和数的变化。Can的过去式是could。 Can在句中意为‘可以’,与may同义,表示请求或者许可。
-----can/may/could I ask you a question?[could的语气比can更加委婉]
(2) outside 在…外面 (3) listen to 听
① listen 为不及物动词,其后若跟宾语需要用listen to。如:listen to music
② listen 还可以单独使用,用以表示提醒注意,经常和现在进行时搭配。
Listen !who is singing in the next room? 听!谁在隔壁唱歌?
【Does he have to wear a uniform at school?】在学校他必须穿校服吗?
Have to 是情态动词,意思是不得不。Have to 侧重于客观上的必要,和其他情态动词的区别在于它具有人称和数的变化。
肯定句:主语+have/has/had to+动词原形+其他成分
否定句:主语+don’t/doesn’t/didn’t+have to+动词原形+其他成分 疑问句: Do/does/did +主语+have to+动词原形+其他成分。 He has to work on Sunday。(主观上并不愿意) ----Do you have to get up at six in the morning? ----Yes,I do.
You don’t have to explain.
①(不带说话者的任何感情色彩,表示因客观环境或事态的迫使而)不得不做某事。 The children have to get up early to catch the first bus.孩子们不得不起早赶第一班车。
You had to speed up,for the weather turned terrible.天气变得糟糕起来,你们治好加快速度。 He can’t see things clearly.He has to wear glasses.他看不清东西,只好戴眼镜。
②可以用于各种时态,还可以和其他情态动词连用。
I missed the bus and had to walk home.我没赶上巴士,只好走回家。
They will have to get up at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning.他们明天早上必须六点起床。 We may have to put off the plan.我们可能不得不推迟这项计划。
③ have got to(常常用于英国英语或口语中,没有过去式,也不可再加情态动词或其
他助动词,可与have to 换用)不得不。
We have got to/have to send her to hospital.我们不得不送她去医院。 He has got to/has to change his plan.他不得不改变他的计划。
④ don’t(doesn’t,didn’t)have to 表示没有必要….. You don’t have to get up so early.你不必起那么早。
She doesn’t have to answer all those questions.她不必回答所有那些问题。 We didn’t have to go there that day.那天我们没有必要去那里。
4 [拓展链接]
Have to的同义词must的用法。
【must】也意为必须,应该,不得不,强调由于主观原因一定要做某事,只用于一般现在时,没有失态和人称的变化,在否定句中或否定回答时用needn’t You must finish your homework now.你必须现在就完成家庭作业。 ------Must I go home now?
------Yes,you must./No,you needn’t.
【make】的用法
……they make rules to help us. ① 做,制作,制造。
She made a kite for her sister yesterday.她昨天为她妹妹做了一个风筝 She makes her own clothes.她自己做衣服 ② 铺(床)
Please make you bed before breakfast.请在早饭前把床铺好。 ③ 制定,制订,规定。
They make a study plan every term.他们每学期都要制订学习计划。 ④产生,引起(某事物)
Don’t make noise in class.上课时不要弄出噪音。
She’s always making trouble for her friends.她总给朋友们惹麻烦。
⑤ 使(某人、某物)成为,变为,变成。 The great news made her happy.这好消息是他高兴。
Computer can make learning easier and more interesting.电脑能使学习变得更容易更有趣。
⑥ 强迫 迫使某人做某事
What makes you say that?是什么原因让你说出那种话来?
Nothing will make me change my mind.无论什么事都不能使我改变主意。
【practice】的用法
Practice在美式英语中既可作名词,又可做动词。Practice在英式英语中做名词,动词形式是practise。
①(practice)作动词时,既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,意为‘实践,练习’
The more practice ,the sooner you’ll learn to drive a car by yourself.练习得越多,你就能越快学会独立驾驶。
②practice作名詞时,意为‘练习,实践,训练’
Sometimes we need to do some speaking practice.有时,我们需要做一些口语练习。 It takes a lot of practice to become a good swimmer.想要游泳得好,必须勤加练习。
【hear listen 与sound】的区别
(1) hear 侧重于‘听’的结果。如: I didn’t hear the clock strike.我没有听到钟声。
(2)listen 侧重于‘听’的动作,后面跟宾语要用listen to。如: I listen to music on my walkman。我用随身听听音乐。
(3)sound为系动词,意为听起来,后可跟形容词作表语。 His explanation sounds reasonable.
随堂练习: 单词变化
1.rule(复数)_______ 2.outside(反义词) _______3.wash(单三)______4..get to (同义词)______5. late(反义词)________ 6.loud (副词)______7.could (原形)_______8.with(反义词_______9.piano(复数)_______10.snow (形容词) _________
单词填空
1.We have to wear sports shoes for g______ class. 2.You’d better not break the r_________.
3. ________ (not fight ) with each other in the classroom. 4.We can eat in the d_________ hall every day 5.Don’t run in the h__________ . It’s dangerous. 6.No _________(talk) in class!

