湖南第一师范学院外语系专四培训词汇与语法培训资料
一、语法专项练习（学生用） （四）、特殊句型结构
1、\much…as\
\much…as\ so much as …\，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为：\与其说是……毋须说是……\。而\（not）even，\可译为\甚至……还没有\。 与其说海洋分割了世界不如说连接了世界。
2、. \more…than\和\…as\结构，\more…than\和\…as\都具有最高级比较的意思，\可换用\，\，\，\，\，\，\等等，可译为\没有……比……更为\，\像……再没有了\，\最……\等。 时间最珍贵。
3、. \结构,\意为\overdo…\或者，即\无论怎样……也不算过分\。\可换用\，\等，\可换用\，\等
再小心也不为过。
4、. \否定+but \结构，在否定词后面的\，具有\，\，\，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成\没有……不是\或\都……\等 Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.
5、. \否定+until (till)\结构，在否定词\，\，\，\，\，\等的后边所接用的\，多数情况下译为\直到……才……\，\要……才……\，把否定译为肯定。
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.
6、. \so…but\和\…but\结构，这两个结构和\否定+but\的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的\是含有\意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为\还没有……到不能做……的程度\，\并不是……不……\，\无论怎样……也不是不能……\等。 He is not so sick but he can come to school. 他还没有病到不能上学的程度。
7、. \疑问词+should…but \结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为\，可译为\除了……还有谁会……\，\岂料\，\想不到……竟是……\等。 Who should write it but himself? 除了他自己还有谁会写这个呢？
8、. \(that)…\和\should…but\结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为\多半\，\亦未可知\等等，有时也可直译。 Who knows but (that) he may go?
1
It is in（with）…as in（with）\ It is in life as in a journey.
9. \as…\相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.
10．may as well /might as well 不妨、还不如、最好还是
\well…as\和\…as\ \well…as\可译为\与其……，不如……，更好\，\以这样做……为宜\，\如同……，也可以……\等等。\…as\表示不可能的事，可译为\犹如……\，\可与……一样荒唐\，\与其那样不如这样的好\等等。 One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly. May as well not …as..与其。。。不如不。。。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
11．\make…of\的译法（使……成为……，把……当作） I will make a scientist of my son.
12. too…+不定式\，not（never）too…+不定式\，\不定式 She is too angry to speak。
13. only (not, all, but, never) too …to do so \和\结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是\，\等字后+\，\不定式都失去了否定意义，在\（apt） +to do\结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。 You know but too yell to hold your tongue.
14. \…than…\句型 A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
15、 不定式的特殊句型too…to… 1）too…to太…以至于…
He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。 ---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?
---- Well, I’m afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。
2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为\不太\。
It’s never too late to mend. (谚语) 改过不嫌晚。
3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。 I’m only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。 He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
2
16、不定式的特殊句型so as to
1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。 2) so kind as to ---劳驾
Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。
17、\祈使句+and\和\祈使句+or\结构
\祈使句+and\表示\，\祈使名+or\表示\，you。
Add love to a house and you have a home. Add righteousness to a city and you have a community. Add truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school. 18、None the less 还是，仍然
She is none the less beautiful for her shabby clothing. 19、Nothing else than..无疑为、简直是、正好是、恰恰是 Do nothing else than 只能、只在 He did nothing else than laugh. 20、Nothing but 只不过、只有 Nothing but a miracle can save her. Have nothing but只有(除…没有) 21、All but 几乎、差一点
She has finished typing all but the last page. 22、Anything but (根本不、远不、绝不) He is anything but diligent.
His visit to Paris was anything but a success.
-23、far and away远远地、大大地、绝对地、肯定地
She is far and away the best actress.
24. \名词+and\结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。 A word, and he would lose his temper.
25. \结构，这里的\的意思是\（也是如此）。此结构表明两个
3
概念在程度上和关系上相似。
As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.
26. \结构，\和\，意思是\果真有……\，\即使有……\，表示加强语气。与此类似的还有：\（如有不同的话，如果稍有区别），\（=at least，至少）。
There is little, if any, hope.
27. \和\结构，这里，\中的\是古英语假设语气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用\。\和\都表示同一意思，都表示\。
Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home.
28. \不定式\和\定语从词\结构，这种结构中的\意思是\，用于否定性推论。可译为\最不大可能的\，\最不合适的\，由原意的\最后一个……\变成\最不可能……的一个\。
He is the last man to accept a bride.
29. \句型，这个句型的意思是\如此……，以致于……\，但在翻译成汉语时，许多情况下，并不是一定要译成\如此……以致于……\，而是变通表达其含义。 He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.
31、and yet 但是but then (可另一方面) /but that（若不是）
32、such as to 这样以至于（such 做表语补充完整句子） so as to 为了 His illness was not such as to cause anxiety.
His carelessness was such as to make it unlikely that he will pass the exam. 33、 It is in (with )…as in with … It’s in life as in a journey.
34、 all +抽象名词/ 抽象名词+itself = very + 形容词 He was all gentleness to her.
35、 anything /something /much of +n. (a/an…)没有什么像、有点像、大有(样子) He was something of a poet. Not much of 算不上。。。 Little of 几乎没有。。。
36、It is no good/use doing sth.做某事无用 There is no point (in)doing sth.做某事不重要
37、as …as can/may be It is as plain as plain can be.
38、It occur to sb that…某人突然想到。。。
39. \…do\结构，此结构表示\只须（消）……就能……\的意思。
We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.
4
