硕士研究生学位论文
X X 大 学
论文题目(中文)：基于MATLAB的同步发电机
励磁系统的建模仿真
论文题目(外文)：Modeling and Simulation of excitation system of
synchronous generator based on MATLAB/simulink
研 究 生 姓 名：XXXX 学 科、 专 业：电气工程 研 究 方 向： 导师姓名职称：
论文答辩日期 年 月 日 学位授予日期 年 月 日
摘 要
近些年来,电力系统发展迅速,基本形成了高电压、大机组、超远距离输送的模式。因此,保证电力系统的安全、稳定、高效运行成为了研究的热点与难点。
同步发电机励磁控制系统是同步发电机控制系统的核心。经过长年的研究证明, 实现对同步发电机励磁的合理有效控制,是实现电力系统稳定运行要求的最快捷、最有效、最廉价的方法。
传统PID控制需要线性的精确模型,无法实现对非线性对象的有效控制,不能及时应对系统运行中被控对象发生的改变,对于目前以至未来电力系统的发展特点,难以实现有效控制。
模糊控制是一种智能控制方法,它不需要精确的数学模型,鲁棒性强,同时设计简单方便,易于实现。
本文从同步发电机励磁控制系统原理入手,在深入学习PID控制与模糊控制理论之后,将两者结合起来,提出了基于模糊PID同步发电机励磁控制策略。
详细阐述了该模糊PID励磁控制器的设计过程,实现了针对同步发电机励磁控制这一非线性系统的实时在线控制。选取了多组参数对所设计的励磁控制器进行仿真,与常规PID控制效果进行比较分析。实验结果表明本文提出的基于模糊PID的同步发电机励磁控制效果良好,系统的动态特性和静态特性相对于传统PID励磁控制都得到改善,能够对系统运行状态的改变做出及时合理的调整,响应速度快,超调量小,调整时间短,使系统具有较强的适应和抗干扰能力,控制效果明显提高；对于传统PID控制无法解决的非线性问题,模糊PID控制依然有良好的控制效果,体现出解决非线性控制问题的优势。
关键字：同步发电机；励磁控制系统；MATLAB建模；PID控制；模糊控制
Abstract
In recent years, the power system is developing fast. Basically formed a high-voltage, lager units, ultra-long-range transport model. Therefore, safely, stable and running efficiently to become the research focus and difficult about the power system. Synchronous generator excitation control system is the core of the control system of synchronous generator. Through many years research have proved that, to achieve reasonable and effective control of synchronous generator excitation is to achieve power system stable operation of the requirements of the quickest, most effective and cheapest way.
Traditional PID control needs an accurate model of the linear. It can not achieve ffective control of the nonlinear object. And it can not respond promptly to the status change when the system running. To the present and future characteristics of the development of the power system, it is difficult to achieve effective control.
Fuzzy control is an intelligent control method. It is not require a precise mathematical model, robustness, while the design is simple and convenient. Also, it is easy to implement.
In this passage, it is starting from the synchronous generator excitation control system theory. After depth learning PID control and fuzzy control theory, proposed a synchronous generator excitation control strategy based on fuzzy PID, which combining the two. And then, elaborate the design process that based on the fuzzy PID excitation control. It is achieve the real-time online control of nonlinear system. Selected some sets of parameters to simulate the excitation controller which designed with conventional PID control effect. Experimental results show that the synchronous generator excitation control based on the fuzzy PID has a good effect. The dynamic characteristics and static characteristics of the system compared to the conventional PID excitation control have improved. To the changing of the system can make timely and reasonable adjustment, fast response, small overshoot, short adjustment. So that the system has strong adapted ability and anti-jamming capability, control has improved obviously. Fuzzy PID control for nonlinear problems that the traditional PID control can not be solved, still have good control effect, reflecting the advantage to solve nonlinear control problems.
Key words: Power system stability; Nonlinear system; Excitation control; PID control;
Fuzzy control
