直接引语与间接引语 适用学科 适用区域 知识点 英语 通用 初三 适用年级 课时时长（分钟） 120分钟 1、直接引语变间接引语的概念 2、直接引语与间接引语的转化 1）陈述句 2）疑问句 3） 祈使句 3、直接引语变间接引语的变化 1）人称 2）时态 3）指示代词和时间地点状语等的变化 知识：1、掌握直接引语各类句式下变间接引语的方法 2、掌握直接引语变间接引语所引起的人称、时态、指示代词和时间地点状语等的变化 1、直接引语各类句式下变间接引语的方法。 2、直接引语变间接引语所引起的人称、时态、指示代词和时间地点状语等的变化 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的联系。 教学目标 教学重点 教学难点
教学过程
一、复习预习
教师引导学生复习上节课内容（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并导入本节课所要讲解的知识。
二、知识讲解
知识点1：直接引语变间接引语的概念
直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。 例：.“What’s you name?” she asked.
He replied that he was going by train. 知识点2：直接引语与间接引语的转化 一）陈述句的间接引语
直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化，其中人称的变化与汉语的变化是一致的。 例1）John said, “I’ve been late again.” → John said that he had been late again. 例2）She said ,”We are very fond of sports.”
→ She said that they were very fond of sports. 二）.疑问句的间接引语
【考查点1】一般疑问句
一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或 whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, didn't know等。句末不用问号。
例1）My teacher asked me, “Do you like American country music ?” → My teacher asked me if/whether I liked American country music.
【考查点2】特殊疑问句
间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。 例1）He asked, “How do you like it ?” → He asked me how I liked it.
例2）She asked me, “What's the matter with you?” → She asked me what was the matter with me. 例3）”How many books do you have?” she asked. → She asked me how many books I had. 【考查点3】否定的一般疑问句和选择问句
如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whether……or not连接。 例1）She said, Don't you know my telephone number
→ She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not. 例2）Do you like this one or that one Tom asked.
→ Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one. 【考查点4】祈使句的间接引语
1．直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾来表示，其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据口气选用tell, ask, order, command, request等词，句中please去掉。
例1）She said to me, “Please have a rest. “ → She asked me to have a rest.
例2）”Don't all answer at once”, she said to the pupils. → She told the pupils not to answer all at once. 知识点3：直接引语变间接引语的变化
将直接引语变为间接引语时要做一些相应的变化， 主要有以下几种情况。 1. 人称的变化（一随主、 二随宾、三不变）
直接引语变间接引语相当于把直接引语变为宾语从句。因此直接引语的人称要做相应变化。
①一随主 直接引语的主语为第一人称时，变为间接引语要和主句的主语保持一致。 例： He said: “I will go to Beijing tomorrow.”
He said that he would go to Beijing the next day.
②二随宾 直接引语的主语为第二人称时，要和主句的宾语保持一致。 例：He said to me: “You will leave tomorrow.” He told me that I would leave the next day.
③三不变 直接引语是第三人称为主语时，变间接引语时不变。 例：He said to me: “My sister will leave tomorrow.” He told me that his sister would leave tomorrow. He said to us: “They want to come.” He told us that they wanted to go.
2. 时态的变化（直接引语转化为间接引语时，主句动词的时态若是过去时，间接引语的时态要变为相应的过去时态） 直接引语中的时态 一般现在时 一般过去时、现在完成时 间接引语中的时态 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 现在进行时 现在完成进行时 过去完成时（不变） 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成进行时 例1）She said ,” I like maths very much.” (一般现在时) → She said that she liked maths very much. (一般过去时) 例2）He said, “ I’ve never seen this man .” （现在完成时） → He said that he had never seen that man. （过去完成时）
例3）Joe said ,” I’m listening to music in my room.” （现在进行时） → Joe said that he was listening to music in his room. （过去进行时） 【易错点】：当引语表示一般真理或客观事实时，转化为间接引语时时态不变，并且要使用一般现在时。如：
例1）He asked, “ which star is the biggest ?” → He asked which star is the biggest .
例2) The teacher told us ,”The earth goes around the sun.” → The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. 3. 时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化 直接引语中的状语、指示代词 today yesterday tomorrow next week/month/year…… last week/month/year ago three/four/……years ago in 2008 now so far here this these the day before yesterday 前天 the day after tomorrow 后天 间接引语中的状语、指示代词 that day 当天 the day before 前一天 the next day/ the following day 第二天 the next week/month/year…… the week/month/year……before before three/four/……years before in 2008 (不变) then 那时 by then there that those two days before 两天前 in two days’ time/ two days after 两天后 三、例题精析
将所给直接引语变为间接引语
【例题1】
He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.” 【答案】：He told me that he had left his book in his room. 【解析】：引号里为陈述句，用连接词that. 从句主语i需变为he,时态根据主句依次向前推一个，故变为had left.
【例题2】
She said: “He will be busy.” 【答案】：She said that he would be busy.
【解析】：从句为陈述句语序，will的过去为would.
【例题3】
She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” 【答案】： She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. 【解析】：从句的语序为一般疑问句，添连接词if/whether,同时从句的语序改为陈述句，时态can改为could.
【例题4】
The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” 【答案】： The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. 【解析】：此句中从句为特殊疑问句，故用特殊疑问词进行连接，语序用陈述句语序，时态依次往前推一个变为 had repaired。
四、课堂运用 【基础】
1 .Betty asked her sister ____ to the railway station to see her off.
A. not to come B. not to go C. to not come D. to not go 2 .The pupil asked his teacher _____ round the earth.
A. weather the moon goes B. that the moon went C. whether the moon goes D. whether the moon went 3. Mr. Li ____ Wang Ling ____ a taxi to the airport.
A. asked; take B. asked; taking C. told; take D. told; to take 4. She asked him ____.
A. whose dictionary this is B. whose dictionary that was C. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary that is
【巩固】
5. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”
The teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than the moon. 6. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.
He told me that he _______ met her the day _______. 7. “You must come here before five,” he said. He said that I _______ to go _______ before five. 8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said.
He _______ _______ I had read the book the week _______.
【拔高】
9. “I am having supper,” he said.
He said that _______ _______ having supper. 10. “I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.
Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film. 11. “I went home with my sister,” she said.
She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister. 12. “Keep quiet, children.” he said.
He _______ the children _______ _______ quiet.
课程小结
本节课主要围直接引语变间接引语进行讲解，分别将直接引语的句子进行分类，并提出不同情况下连接词的使用。重点指出变为间接引语后人称、时态、语序、时间等相关词的变化。近年中考对直接引语变间接引语的考查是以宾语从句的形式作为考查点。
课后作业
【基础】
1. Our teacher asked us _____ our dictionaries to school.
A. bring B. brought C. bring D. to bring 2. The teacher told the boy students ______ football on the grass.
A. not play B. not to play C. played D. playing 3. ____ Tom didn’t go to school?
A. Do you know how B. Why do you know C. How you know why D. Do you know why
4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _____ that prevents her from being as happy as before? A. what it is B. it is what C. how it is D. it is how
【巩固】
5. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
He _______ Jim that he _______ sit there 6. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
He asked her mother _______ _______ _______ found it. 7. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
He asked _______ _______ knew where she _______. 8. “Are you interested in this?” he said.
He _______ _______ I was interested in _______.
【拔高】
9. “Don’t look out of the window,” she said.
She told me _______ _______ _______ out of the window. 10. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.
He asked me _______ _______ _______ been _______ days. 11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.
He asked me _______ _______ _______ been _______ days.
课后评价
