B.foraginginlandtoobtainfoodstuffsnotavailablelocallyC.someformoffertilizationtoboostagriculturalproductionD.fishandturtlesforatleastpartoftheirdietE.tradewithotherpeoplesforsomerawmaterials答案：AD
Passage44
Whenselectinganest,thefemaleoftheriverblenny(asmallfish)appearstobesensitivetobothsizeandorientation.Blenniesdeposittheireggspreferablyinnestsunderlargestonesandinnestsfacingsoutheast.Southeast-facingnestscontainlargereggclutches,afactthatcannotbecompletelyexplainedbydifferencesinneststonesizes.Moreover,inarecentstudy,currentspeedsupstreamofthenestandatthenestentranceweresimilarfornestsfacingsoutheastandthosefacinginotherdirections.Asoutheast-facingentrancepersethusseemstobethespecificnestfeaturepreferredbyfemales,ratherthantheeffectofselectivepositioningoncurrentatnestentrance.Thereasonsforthispreferenceareunclear,however.
1.Thepassageisconcernedwithwhichofthefollowing
A.Determiningthedifferentwaysinwhichcurrentspeedscaninfluencethenestingpreferencesoffemaleriverblennies
B.Establishingnestorientationasadeterminingfactorinegglayingamongfemaleriverblennies
C.Questioningtheimportanceofnestsizeasaninfluenceonegglayingamongfemaleriverblennies
D.Comparingthefeaturesoffemaleriverblenniesthatfacesoutheastwiththoseofnestsfacinginotherdirections
E.Examininghowfemaleriverblenniesdeterminetherelativeimportanceofnestsizeversusnestorientation
2.Theauthorofthepassageconsiders“currentspeeds”inorderto
A.identifyafactorthatunderminesthesignificanceofneststonesizeforfemaleriverblennies
B.indicateonepossibleadvantageofriverblennyneststhatdonotfacesoutheast
C.eliminateapossibleexplanationforanestorientationtendencyamongfemaleriverblennies
D.indicatewhyfemaleriverblenniesaresensitivetobothsizeandorientationofpossiblenests
E.suggestareasonwhymanyfemaleblenniesprefersoutheast-facingnests
答案：BC
Passage45
TheeditorsoftheessaycollectionRomanticbiographytellus
41repeatedlythatbiographyisaninventionoftheRomanticperiodinBritishliterature(lateeighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturies),yetwearenevershownthatprocessofinventionmotion.Hazlitt,themostprominentexampleoftheRomanticbiographer,isalmostinvisible.TheRomanticperiodwasnotjusttheperiodinwhichbiographywasinvented---or,rather,theperiodinwhichsomeofitsinformingprincipleswereinvented,sincebiographycouldjustaseasilybesaidtohaveoriginatedinthescandalousmemoirsthatformedpartofthepre-Romanticcultureofthenovel.Itwasalsotheperiodinwhichbiography,throughitssheerubiquity,becameanobjectofmajorideologicalsignificancewithinBritishculture.
1.Thepassagementionsthe\memoirs”thatwerewrittenpriortotheRomanticperiodprimarilyinorderto
A.indicateanalternativeaccountoftheoriginsofbiographyB.comparethesememoirstoRomanticbiography
C.explainhowbiographybecameubiquitousinBritishcultureDquestiontheideologicalsignificanceaccordedtobiographyE.suggestthatbiographieswerenotaspopularasmemoirs
2.Accordingtothepassage,biographyattainedgreatsignificancewithinBritishcultureduringtheRomanticperiodbecausebiographies
A.wereassociatedwithscandal
B.wereeasytoreadandcomprehend
C.weresowidespreadinBritainatthetimeD.challengedconventionalBritishideologiesE.contributedtothedevelopmentofthenovel
答案：AC
Passage46
Ourstudyrevealedthatnest-guardinglong-tailedskinks(aspeciesoflizard)homed(returnedtotheirnests)moresuccessfullywhendisplacedshorterdistances.Therearetworeasonswhyhomingsuccessratesdecreasedwithincreasingdisplacementdistance.Onepossibilityisthatfemalesweresimplydisplacedtoofartofindtheirwayhome.However,thisisunlikelygiventhatsomeindividualsmanagedtofindtheirwayhomefromeachdistanceweused.Thesecondpossibilitydealswithtrade-offsbetweentherisksassociatedwithmakingalongreturntripandthebenefitsofreturning.Animalsshouldexpendenergyonlywhentheassociatedcostsarelow.Asreptilesincreasethetimespentmoving,theirdailyenergyexpenditureincreasesdramatically.Theenergeticcostsofreturninghomeandthechancesthattheeggswillhavebeenpreyeduponduringthereturntripbothincreasesubstantiallyasdisplacementdistanceincreases.Forexample,the130hours(5.5days)thatfemaleskinksspentreturningfromadistanceof300metersissufficientforanegg-eatingsnaketolocateandpreyupontheentireclutch.However,femaleswithlargerclutchesweremorelikelytohomeatdistancesover50meters.Forthesefemales,the
42relativefitnessbenefitsassociatedwithhavingmoreeggssuccessfullyhatchmayoutweightheenergeticcostsofreturningtoanestsite,evenifthenestmayhavealreadybeenpreyedupon.
1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto
A.questionthevalidityofresearchonnest-guardingbehaviorinlong-tailedskinks
B.considerexplanationsforafindingregardinglong-tailedskinksC.discusstheimportanceofhomingforlong-tailedskinks
D.describetherelationshipbetweenclutchsizeandhomingsuccessinlong-tailedskinks
E.identifythebenefitsofabehaviorcommonamonglong-tailedskinks2.Theclaiminthehighlightedsentenceassumeswhichofthefollowingabouttheindividualsthatmanagedtofindtheirwayhomefromeachdistance?
A.Theywerelessabletodetectegg-eatingpredatorsthanweretheotherlong-tailedskinksstudied.
B.Theyweremoreaversetoriskthanweretheotherlong-tailedskinksstudied
C.Theyexpendedlessenergywhenhomingthandidtheotherlong-tailedskinksstudied.
D.Theydidnotpossessbetterhomingskillsthandidtheotherlong-tailedskinksstudied.
E.Theyhadsignificantlysmallerclutchesthandidtheotherlong-tailedskinksstudied.
3.The\possibility\implieswhichofthefollowingasapossibleexplanationforthefemalelong-tailedskinksthatfailedtohomefromdistancesover50meters?
A.Theyhadrelativelysmallclutches
B.Theywereunabletofindtheirwayhome
C.Theylackedsufficientenergytohomesuccessfully
D.Theyhadmalelong-tailedskinksguardingtheirclutches
E.Theydetectedevidenceofegg-eatingsnakesInthevicinityoftheirnests.
答案：BDA
Analyzingthephysicsofdancecanaddfundamentallytoadancer'sskill.Althoughdancersseldomseethemselvestotallyinphysicalterms--asbodymassmovingthroughspaceundertheinfluenceofwell-knownforcesandobeyingphysicallaws--neithercantheyaffordtoignorethephysicsofmovement.Somemovementsinvolvingprimarilyverticalorhorizontalmotionsofthebodyasawhole,inwhichrotationscanbeignored,canbestudiedusingsimpleequationsoflinearmotioninthreedimensions.However,rotationalmotionsrequiremorecomplexapproachesthatinvolve
43analysesofthewaythebody'smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthesourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement
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