被动语态
一． 什么是被动语态？
英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两行总，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被….”, “他的自行车被偷了”。“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”
二． 被动语态的运用。
什么情况下要用被动语态呢？一般地说，有下面几种情况： 1． 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如：
Paper is made from wood. (纸是由木材生产出来的。)
The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.(这座房子太旧了。它是1050年建成的。)
He was wounded in the fight. 他在战斗中受伤了。
Electricity is used to run machines. 电视用来开动机器的。
2． 需要强调动作的对象时，例如：
Books and newspapers in the reading room must not be taken away. 阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。
He was awarded first prize in that contest. 他在比赛中获得了第一名。
3． 为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如：
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. 新实验室必须在下个月前完工。
例如：He can not be found./ I must be paid for this. 三． 如何将主动语态变成被动语态。
基本方法：1。将主动语态地宾语作被动语态的主语。
2．谓语动词变为be+及物动词的过去分词，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态。 3．主动语态地主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）
四． 各种时态的被动语态举例。
一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地与用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下。 1． 一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+动词的过去分词。 Our classroom is cleaned every day. This car is made in China.
2. 一般过去式的被动语态：was/were +动词的过去分词。 Her desk was cleaned just now. The station was built in 1928.
3. 现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词。 A new factory is being built in our city now. Some trees are being cut down in the park.
4. 过去进行时的被动语态：was/were+being+动词的过去分词 A few factory was being built in our city at that time.
Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
5. 一般将来时的被动语态：
（A) will/shall+be+动词的过去分词
（B) am/is/are+going to be+动词的过去分词
Some new factories will be built in our city this year. Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
6. 过去将来时的被动语态：
（A) would/should+be+动词的过去分词
（B) was/were+going to be +动词的过去分词
She said that some new dactories would be built soon in our city. He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour. 7. 现在完成时的被动语态： have/has +been+动词的过去分词 Some new factories have been built in the city since last year. Your watch has been mended already.
8. 过去完成时的被动语态：had+been+动词的过去分词 He said that some new factories had been built in the city. I didn’t know that my watch had been mended.
五．特殊情况的被动语态：
1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： 1）将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变。
2）将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如： He told us a story.(变被动语态）
We were told a story(by him).或：A story was told to us by him. Her mother gave her a new pen.(变被动语态）
A new pen _____ ______ _______ her by her mother.(填was given to) 2. 短语动词的被动语态
在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如： This dictionary mustn’t ______ from the library.(填D）
A take away B taken away C are taken away D be taken away She will take good care of the children.(变被动语态）
The children will ______ _______ ______ _______ _______(by her).(填be taken good care of) 3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，二宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。
注意：省略to的不定式做宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如： Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.(变被动句）
He ______ _______ _______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.(填was seen to) 4. 含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must+be+done
1) someone must take care of the children when we go out. The children must be taken care of then we go out. 2) you may write this letter in pencil. This letter may be written in pencil.
六．与被动语态相关的句型有：
1.be covered with 被…覆盖
2.be made of 由…制作（发生物理变化） be made from… 由…制作（发生化学变化） be made by 由（某地） 制作 3. be used for 被用来…
be used as 被当做（作为）….来使用 be used to do sth 被用来做某事 4. It is said that… 据说… It is hoped that…希望…
It is well known that… 众所周知…例如： (1)This machine is used ______ the room wet.
A for keeping B as keeping C keep D to keeping
(2)据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。
_____ _____ _____ that ____ ____ is being _____ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing.
一．单项选择
1. A talk on development is science and technology ______ in the school hall next week. A given B will be given C has been given D give 2. His new book ____ next month.
A will be published B is publishing
C is being published D has been published 3. ---Mum, can I go to the zoo with Jack?
-----When your homework ________， you can.
A is done B was done C does D did 4. Twenty-year-olds should not _____ to drive in china. A allow B be allow C be allowed D allowed
5. China’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang _______ Good Will Ambassadors(亲善大使）Shanghai.
A has been named B have been named C has named D have named 6. The earth is our home. It _____well.
A must be protected B should protect C need protect D should protected
7. In recent years, many children are made _____ what they are not______. A to do, interested in B to do, interested C do, interested D do , interested 8. An accident ______on this road last week. A has been happened B was happened C is happened D happened 9. So far, the moon _____by man already. A is visited B will be visited C has been visited D was visited 10. How many trees ______ this year?
for A are planted B will plant C planted D have been planted 11. A lot of things _____by people to save the little girl now.
A are doing B are being done C has been done D will be done 12. Neither of them _____in China.
A is made B are made C were made D made 13. The doctor ______for yet.
A isn’t sent B hasn’t been sent C won’t be sent D wasn’t sent 14. He says that Mr.Zhang ______ to the factory next week. A is sent B would send C was sent D will be sent 15. Who______ this book______?
A did, written B do , written C was, written D was, written by 16. Mary ____show me her new dictionary.
A has asked to B is asked C asks to D was asked to 17. A story ______by Granny yesterday.
A was told to us B is asked C asks to D was asked to 18. The monkey was seen ______out of the tree.
A jump B jumps C jumped D to jump 19. My shoes are worn out.------_________.
A can’t they be mended? B Let me have a look at it C How much do they cost ? D Can’t they mended? 20. ______ the watch been repaired yet? I badly ned it. A does B Has C Is D Are 21. ______ these desks be needed? A will B Are C Has D Do 22. Who was the book ______?
A write B wrote C written D written by 23. The flowers _____often.
A must be water B must be watered C must watered D must water 24. The books may ______for two weeks.
A be kept B be borrowed C keep D borrow 25. The broken bike ________ here by Mr.Smith.
A be kept B be borrowed C keep D borrow 26. The old bridge in my hometown ____next month. A is going to rebuilt B will rebuilt
C are going to rebuilt D are going to rebuilt
Homework
1. Now these magazines_______ in the library for a long time.
A have kept B are keeping C have been keeping D have been kept 2. The teapot______ water.
A is filled with B filled of C fulling of D filled 3.old people must be looked after and _____ politely. A speak to B spoken C speak D spoken to
4. Ole people must _________.
A look after well B be looked well after C looked well after D be looked after well 5. These walls _______ stones.
A are made B made of C are made into D made into 6. Jane _____to sing us an American song last Saturday. A called B was asked C told D was said 7. Good care _______ such things.
A should take of B should be taken C should be taking D should be taken of 8. She will ______ good good care _______.
A take, of B be taken, of C take, for you D be taken, of you 9. The teacher made him ______ his homework. A to do B do C did D done
10. The boy _______ streets without pay in the old days.
A was made to clean B made clean C made to clean D was made clean 11. These children _______ dance.
A were seen to B were seen C saw to D were seen for 12. These stones ______ well.
A are fitted B fit C fits D is fitted 13. The bike _______ 500 yuan.
A was cost B costed C cost D is costed 14. The work _______ in three hours, let’s hurry!
A must finish B will finish C must be finished
15. It’s said in the newspaper that 215 more new schools ______ in Zhengzhou by 2020. A are building B were built C have built D will be built 16. The young man was often seen ______by the lake. A to draw B to drawing C draw D drew
