参考译文:消费者看上去只是有点担心而没有恐慌,很多消费者尽管正在收缩开支,但是他们对经济的长期前景仍然保持乐观。
2、时间状语从句——前置
2005年Text 1
However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
结构:
时间状语从句: when two monkeys were placed… 目的状语从句 :so that each could observe 宾语从句:what the other was getting 单词:
Adjoin 毗连,临近,贴近 Our house adjoins theirs. 我们的房子跟他们的毗邻。
Chamber 室,房间,议院,会所 the lower chamer 下议院 the upper chamber上议院
Markedly 显著地,明显地 参考译文:
然而,当两只猴子放置于隔开但是相邻的房间时,他们可以互相观察对方用岩石能换到什么东西,这样他们的行为开始变得明显不同了。
3、条件状语从句——前置
0265复合句65) 条件状语从句Until these (指代关系)issues 被动结构are resolved, 主句a technology of behavior 被动结构will continue to be rejected, 省略结构and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems(will continue to be rejected). until 如果不,直到
a technology of behavior 研究行为的技术手段 be rejected 被抛弃;被拒绝;被反对 with it 随之;伴随着它
译文:如果这些问题得不到解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决
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问题的惟一方式可能也随之受到排斥。 2006年text 4
The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.
结构:并列句,注意and
定语从句:in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.
前面句子的主干是:The rise ….tracks the emergence
后面句子的主干是:a commercial culture 是主语,省略了谓语部分:tracks the emergence of mass media. 单词:
Anti-反
Track: 循路而行,追踪
Emergence: 浮现,出现 动词形式:emerge 显现,浮现,形成 Ideal:理想
Ideology :意识形态
参考译文:反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全随大众媒介同时出现,随之兴起了一种商业文化,在这个文化中,快乐不仅仅是一个理想,而且是一种意识形态。
4、方式状语从句——前置
9675复合句75) 主句 并列结构1 New forms of thought as well as 并列结构2 new subjects for thought 谓语must arise 时间状语in the future 方式状语从句as they (指代关系)have 省略结构(arisen)in the past, 现在分词作伴随状语giving rise to new standards of elegance.
New forms of thought 新的思维方式 new subjects for thought 新的思维对象 must:必然要,必定会
as they have in the past:就像过去曾经出现过一样。 giving rise to 给出,产生,带来 new standards of elegance 完美的新标准
翻译:新的思维方式和新的思维内容将拉一定会出现,正如他们过去已经出现过一样,从而给完美以新的标准。或:像过去一样,将来一定会出现新的思维方式和新的思维内容,从而给完美以新的标准。
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5、原因状语从句 前因后果或前果后因 2006年Text 3
The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. 结构:
表语从句:that people have failed to detect the massive changes 定语从句:which have happened in the ocean
原因状语从句:because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. 单词:
Notion :概念,观念,想法
Detect :察觉,发觉,侦查,探测 detective: 侦探 Look back:回顾,倒退,追忆
参考译文:其中的观点是:人们之所以没有察觉到海洋中发生的巨大变化,原因是他们过去一直考察的时间只是过去的一个相对较短的时间段。
0462多重复合句(62) 主句We are obliged to them (指代关系) 原因状语从句 because some of these languages (指代关系)have since vanished, 原因状语从句as the peoples 定语从句who spoke them 并列结构1 died out or 并列结构2 被动结构became assimilated and lost their native languages.
参考译文:我们之所以感激他们(两位先驱),是因为从此以后,这些(土著)语言中(的一部分/有一些)(消失/已经不复存在)了,因为讲这些语言的人要么灭绝了,要么被同化了,因而丧失了(自己/本族)的语言。
0262复合句62) 主句The behavioral sciences have been slow to change 并列结构1 partly 原因状语从句because the explanatory items often 被动结构seem to be directly observed 并列结构2 and partly 原因状语从句because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. the explanatory items 用以解释的要素(内容,项目) other kinds of explanations 其他解释方式
have been slow to change (一直)发展缓慢。 change 改变——发展。
the explanatory items: 用以解释的依据、要素(内容,项目)= explanations,对行为的解释。
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item 内容,项目——依据、要素
参考译文:行为科学之所以发展缓慢,部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的,部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
6、结果状语从句
0463复合句(63) 主句The 前置定语newly described (newly+过去分词)languages were 状语结构often so strikingly different from the 前置定语well studied languages 后置定语of Europe and Southeast Asia 结果状语从句that some scholars even accused Boas (专有名词)and Sapir (专有名词)of fabricating their (指代关系)data.
——newly+过去分词
newly bought sunglasses 新买的太阳镜 a newly built subway 新建的地铁 a newly arrived guest 新到的客人 a newly married couple 新婚夫妇 a newly born child 新生婴儿 Strikingly:突出地,显著地。 Fabricating:捏造,伪造,编制
参考译文:这些新近被描述的语言与欧洲和东南亚那些已经得到很好研究的语言往往差别显著,以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir捏造了数据。
0175复合句75) 主句And home appliances will also become so smart程度状语从句that controlling and operating them (指代关系)will result in the breakout 多重后置定语of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.
home appliances 家用电器 smart 聪明,智能化
Shanghainese are too clever to be smart. 上海人精明但是不聪明。 them:指代home appliances,译作“它们”。 result in:导致,出现
the breakout of / a new psychological disorder: psychological disorder 心理混乱(失调) kitchen rage 厨房狂燥症
rage:furious intensity, as of a storm or disease 狂暴,猖獗猛烈的力度,用于风暴或疾病
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