第四节 语篇结构 【教学重点与难点问题】
教学重点：句子的意义和交际功能
教学难点：连句成篇的逻辑纽带 【复习思考题】
分析短文，找出语段。
Teaching is supposed to be a professional activity requiring long and complicated training as well as official certification. The act of teaching is looked upon as a flow of knowledge from a higher source to an empty container. The student’s role is one of receiving information; the teacher’s role is one of sending it. There is a clear distinction assumed between one who is supposed to know and another, usually younger person, who is supposed not to know.
执笔人： 王 昭 审核人：王云杰
《英语语法》课程考核大纲
【考核目的】
了解学生对基本语法知识的掌握情况，帮助学生认识自己在语法和句法方面的不足，考核学生语法技能的实际情况，为以后的高年级学习提供帮助。 【课程学习的基础】
具备基本的英语知识，包括词汇和基本句型的掌握。 【考核的内容范围】
句子结构、词汇分类、时态和体态的使用、比较等级和比较结构、句子种类、篇章衔接手段
【考核方法】
期末闭卷笔试,占60%，平时考核（出勤、课堂表现）占40%。 【对试题的要求】 题型比例：
客观性试题占80%，包括单选题，完型填空，填入正确形式，改错题等。 主观性试题占20%，包括阅读题等。
难度等级：分为较易、中等、较难三个等级，大致的比例是30：50：20。 【考核的具体内容】
第一部分 语法层次 知识点：
1. 词素：自由词素和粘附词素 2. 词：封闭词类和开放词类 3. 词组 4. 分句 5. 句子 考核目标： 1. 识记：（1）词素 （2）词组 （3）句子 （4）自由词素 （5）粘附词素 2. 理解：（1）词素与单词的区别 （2）认识完整的句子
3. 应用：简单应用：要求学生掌握基本的语法单位，了解词组分类，句子分类。
第二部分 句子结构和主谓一致 知识点：
1. 基本句型及其转换与扩大 2. 以-s结尾的名词
3. 集体名词做主语 4. 数量名词做主语 考核目标：
1. 识记：以-s结尾的名词、集体名词、数量名词 2. 理解：（1）准确记忆以-s结尾的名词的单复数用法；（2）分清集体名词做主语及数量
名词做主语的动词形式。
3. 应用：简单应用：要求学生能辨别出句子的基本成分，牢记特殊名词的单、复数来判
断动词和名词的单、复数搭配。 第三部分 词组与限定词 知识点：
1. 限定词 2. 代词 3. 动词 考核目标： 1. 识记：（1）限定词 （2）动词 2. 理解：（1）限定词的意义与应用；（2）动词的形式
3. 应用：简单应用：能准确掌握限定词与名词、及句中各部分搭配
第四部分 动词的时和体 知识点：
1. 动词时、态和体的用法 2. 将来时间表示法 3. 词组动词的被动语态 4. 非限定动词的被动语态 5.虚拟式的动词选择与时间的搭配 6. 情态助动词的推测性用法和非推测性用法 考核目标： 1. 识记：（1）动词的时和体 （2）将来事件表示法 （3）词组与非限定动词的被动语态 2．理解：（1）非限定动词的被动语态的含义 （2）虚拟式的含义 3．应用：（1）语态 （2）虚拟式 （3）助动词
第五部分 不定式、-ING分词、-ED 分词 知识点：
1. 不定式的搭配关系 2. –ING分词的搭配关系 3. –ED分词的应用 考核目标：
1．识记：不定式、–ING分词、–ED分词
2. 理解：不定式、–ING分词与–ED分词的意义区别
3. 应用：简单应用：要求学生熟练掌握各种搭配关系，明确意义，找出争取答案。 第六部分 比较等级和从属结构 知识点：
1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规则形式 2. 比较结构用法的补充说明 3. 并列于从属 4. 限定从属分句 5. 无动词分句 考核目标： 1. 识记：（1）形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规则形式 （2）限定从属分句
（3）无动词分句
2. 理解：（1）理解比较级最高级的意义和用法（2）分句的主动与被动含义 3. 应用：（1）比较级 （2）句子成分主次
第七部分 篇章衔接 知识点：
1. 后置、前置、倒装 2. 句子与语篇 3. 语篇纽带 4. 语篇结构 考核目标： 1. 识记：（1）前置 （2）倒装 （3）语篇 （4）语篇结构 2. 理解：（1）理解前置与倒装的用途；（2）理解英汉语篇的不同结构和行文规则 3. 应用：（1）英语文章的结构 （2）英汉篇章结构差异 【样题】
I. Multiple Choices (每小题1分，共50分)
1. The trip takes 30 hours or so, and you will get there the morning of the following day.
A. in B. at C. on D. to
2. Which person do you refer to? with dark glasses.
A. He B. The one C. One D. Each
3. I’m sorry to have begun the meeting before you came. I thought you .
A. didn’t come B. shouldn’t come C. are not coming D. were not coming
4. As is known to us all, no is shown to the enemies.
A. mercy B. love C. right D. offer
5. Don’t feel nervous when to your new manager.
A. to introduce B. introduced C. introducing D. to be introduced
6. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____his father had expected.
A. that was that B. what was that C. which was what D. which was that
7. Two years later, her father disappeared, never again.
A. to hear from B. being heard from C. heard from D. to be heard
8. — Shall we take this house? — Oh, I’m afraid it may be expensive.
A. too much B. so much C. much too D. too very
9. Could you me a few minutes? I need your advice.
A. give B. spend C. spare D. take
10. Victor certainly talks a lot and he is never interested in what ____has to say.
A. no one B. someone other C. every one D. anyone else
11. Shortly after the accident, two of policeman were sent to the spot to
keep . A. score; order B. dozen; control C. hundred; silence D. group; calm 12. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 13. Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted.
A. did I realize B. didn’t I realize C. I realized D. I didn’t realize 14. Was it during the Second World War the soldier died?
A. when B. that C. in which D. while 15. If he started at 9 o’clock, he be there by now.
A. should B. must C. can’t D. need 16. I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot. . A. So do I B. Neither do I C. I’m the same D. So it is with me 17. Would you like to join us? Sorry, I am not as any of you.
A. so good player B. a so good player C. so good a player D. a such good player
18. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced cars in 1994 as the
year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice as 19. Give this to you think can do the work well.
A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. however 20. Every means _ tried, yet this machine . A. has…won’t work B. has been …won’t work C. have been doesn't work D. have…doesn’t work
21. I found John the desk, his homework carefully.
A. seated at…doing B. sitting at …to do C. sat at …does D. taking his seat at …doing
22. He used to his teaching years ago, but now he is used to a boss.
A. devoted to …be B. be devoted to …being C. devoted himself…be D. devote…being
