一轮复习讲义4: M1U4-M1U5重点句式 ___________ 句1: 农家大院里的鸡, 甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。 In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 考点1: too…to… “太…而不能…”, 表示否定意义。 他走得太慢, 不能按时到达那儿。 He walks too slowly to get there on time. 考点2: too后跟表心理变化的形容词(anxious/eager/ glad/pleased/thankful等)或描述性形容词(easy/good/ kind等)时, 不定式表示肯定意义。这些词前加上only/ all/simply/but或just修饰时, 不定式并无否定意义。 1) 他非常想做这份工作。 He is too anxious to do this job. 2) 我非常高兴接受你的邀请。
I’m only too delighted to accept your invitation. 考点3: too…to…结构中too前有否定词时, 此结构表肯定意义。not/never too…to… “无论…也不过分”。 1) 活到老, 学到老。It’s never too old to learn. 句2: 世界似乎到了末日！
It seemed as if the world was at an end! 考点1: 看起来好像… It seems/seemed as if… 好像有… There seems to be…
好像有一个错误。There seems to be a mistake. 考点2: as if/as though“似乎/好像”, 引导方式状语从句/表语从句。从句中可用陈述语气, 也可用虚拟语气。 1) 看起来好像要下雨。It looks as if it is going to rain. 2) 这老人对待这男孩就好像他是她自己的儿子一样。 The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. 句3: 2/3的人在地震中死去或者受伤。 Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 考点1: 分数表达法: 分子在前, 分母在后; 分子基数词, 分母序数词; 分子大于1, 分母用复数。 四分之一one fourth;
三分之二two thirds
考点2: “分数+n.”作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于分数后名词的单复数形式。 1) 大约三分之一的书值得一读。
About one third of the books are worth reading. 2) 只有五分之二的工作完成了。
Only two fifths of the work has been finished. 句4: All hope was not lost. 并非所有希望都破灭了。 考点: 当not与all, both, each, every, whole, everyone, everything等具有总括意义的词连用时, 无论not位置如何, 都表示部分否定, 意为“并非都”; no, none, no one, neither, nothing, nowhere等表示全部否定。
1
1) 并非每个人都通过了考试。 Not everyone has passed the exam. = Everyone has not passed the exam. 2) 没有人同意你的观点。Nobody agrees with you. 注意: 三者及三者以上的全部否定用none; 两者的部分否定用both of…not… = not both… 两者的全部否定用neither of…。 1) 我们中没有人喜欢和这个人说话。 None of us likes talking with the man. 2) 这两个男孩都不喜欢音乐。 Neither of the boys likes music. 句5: 这名男子正在楼下睡觉, 这时地震突然发生了。 The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.
考点: be doing sth. when…某人正在做某事, 这时… 我正在看电视, 这时突然停电了。
I was watching TV when the electricity was cut off. 归纳: 正要做某时, 这时… be about to do sth. when…
be on the point of doing sth. when…
1) 我们正要动身, 这时突然下雨了。 We were about to set off when it began to rain. 2) 我正要走的时候, 电话铃响了。
I was on the point of leaving when the phone rang. 句6: 然而, 这是一个你想住在Johannesburg就要有身份证的时期。 However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 考点:这是一个…的时期。This is/was a time when… 曾经有一段时间…。There is/was a time when… 1) 那是一个妇女不被允许上学的时期。 This was a time when women were not allowed to go to school. 2) 曾经有一段时间女孩子不能接受教育。There was a time when girls couldn’t receive education.
句7: 近30年目睹了大量法律剥夺我们的权利, 阻挡我们的进步, 直到今天, 我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
The last thirty years have seen
the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
考点: 有些动词, 如see/witness/find等, 可以用地点或时间名词作主语, 表示某地或某时“经历/发生/目睹/见证”了某事, 这是一种拟人化的写作手法。
1) 1949年中华人民共和国成立了。The year 1949 saw the founding of the People’s Republic of China. 2) 我们城市过去的10年里发生了巨大变化。The last
ten years has witnessed the great changes in our city. 3) 黄昏时分, 一个漂亮的小女孩在街上哭。 The dusk found a pretty little girl crying in the street. 句8: 我们被置于这样一种境地: 要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实, 要么我们跟政府作斗争。
We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 考点: 当先行词是stage/situation/position/point/case等时, 如果后面的定语从句中缺少状语, 则关系词常用where或“介词+ which”。
1) 那时我们已到了黑人读者比白人(读者)多的阶段。 At that time we have reached a stage where we had more black readers than white ones.
2) 你能想出一个你可以使用这些短语的情形吗? Can you think of a situation where/in which you can use these phrases?
句9: 首先我们用和平的方式破坏法律。 We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful. 考点: 当way表示“方式/方法”, 充当定语从句的先行词时, 若定语从句中少主语或宾语, 用关系代词which或that引导定语从句, 作宾语时可省略; 若定语从句中不少主语或宾语, 则可用in which/that/X三种形式。 1) 你和你妈妈谈话的方式不是我喜欢的方式。 The way in which/that/X you speak to your mother is not the way (which/that) I like.
句10: 只有在那个时候, 我们才决定以暴治暴。Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 考点: only修饰的时间/条件/方式状语放句首时, 主句用部分倒装, 即把原句中的情态动词、be动词或助动词提到主语之前。若only修饰的是状语从句, 则主句倒装从句不倒装; 若only修饰的是主语, 则不用倒装。 1) 只有用这种方式你才能在英语方面取得进步。 Only in this way can you make progress in English. 2) 只有当他告诉我真相时我才知道(真相)。 Only when he told me the truth did I know it. 3) 只有你才能说服他不吸烟。 Only you can persuade him not to smoke. 句11: 他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep. 考点: “情态动词+have done”的用法: 本该做某事而没做should have done… 本没必要做某事却做了needn’t have done… 本可以做某事却没做could have done…
2
过去一定做过某事must have done… 过去可能做过某事might have done… 过去不可能做过某事couldn’t have done… 1) 你本应该好好学习的。 You should have studied hard.
1) 地面很湿, 所以昨晚一定下雨了。The ground is wet, so it must have rained yesterday evening.
句12: 他们并不比我聪明, 却通过了考试。They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams. 考点: 动词原形前加do/does/did可强调谓语。 1) 他们昨天的确说了实话。 They did tell the truth yesterday.
2) 全世界人们的确关心那些遭受自然灾害的人们。 The people all over the world do care about those suffering from/who suffer from natural disasters. 句13: 在曼德拉先生和非国大于1994年掌权之前, 我有20年没有工作。I did not work again for twenty years until Mr. Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994. 考点: not…until… “直到…才…”。当not until放句首时, 主句用部分倒装, 从句不用倒装。
强调句为: It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其它 直到他上台执政我才找到工作。
正常: I didn’t find a job until he came to power. 倒装: Not until he came to power did I find a job. 强调: It was not until he came to power that I found a job. 句14: 第一次给旅行团作讲解时, 我心情很不好。 I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 考点: the first time作连词, 引导时间状语从句, “第一次…时”;for the first time介词短语,作状语,“第一次”。 1) 我第一次见到他时, 他是一名学校老师。 He was a school teacher the first time I saw him. 2) 那天我人生中第一次获奖。
I won a prize for the first time in life that day. 归纳: 具有类似用法的词还有: ① the first time/the second time
② the moment/the minute/the second/the instant ③ every time/each time/last time/next time ④ immediately/directly/instantly 一…就…②同 1) 你一准备好我们就出发。 We’ll set out the moment you’re ready
2) 每次约翰上学迟到, 他都会编个借口。Every time John is late for school he will make up an excuse. 3) 他对她一见钟情。
He fell in love with her the first time he saw her.
