Ⅱ. be based on “以……为根据”； “根据……”；“基于……”
① What he said is based on fact. 他所说的话是以事实为根据的。 ② The story is based on real life. 那故事是根据现实生活而写的。
③ Some modern languages are based on Latin. 在些现代语言是以拉丁文为基础的。 §67
be afraid of sb or sth/ be afraid of doing sth/
be afraid to do sth/ be afraid +that clause Ⅰ. be afraid of sb or sth. “害怕某人或某事”如 ① The man is afraid of nothing.这个人什么都不怕。
② Jenny is afraid of her father, for he is very strict with her. 詹妮害怕她父亲，因为他对她要求很严格。
Ⅱ. be afraid of doing sth. “害怕、担心某事（自己也无法左右的突发事情）发生”如： I am afraid of falling into the swimming pool.我担心掉进游泳池里去。 Ⅲ. be afraid to do sth. “害怕、不敢做某事”如：
① The bat was afraid to leave his home. 蝙蝠不敢离开家。 ② I am afraid to go out at night. 我害怕晚上出去。
Ⅳ. be afraid +that clause. “恐怕”表带歉意的回绝或告知不好的消息。that 常省去。如：
I am afraid (that) I can’t do that today. 恐怕今天我不能做那件事。
Ⅴ. 在日常用语中，I am afraid 常表示歉意或客气，没有恐惧之意。往往相当于I am sorry , 引出不愿发生、可能使对方失望的情况。如： ① I am afraid I don’t agree with you.
恐怕我不会同意你的意见。
② I am afraid (that) you are wrong. 恐怕你错了。
Ⅵ. 口语中，在 I am afraid 之后用so / not,可省去上文提到的内容。如： ①---Has he gone to Guangzhou? 他去广州了吗？ ---I’m afraid so.
②---Are we on time? 我们迟到了吗？ ---I’m afraid not. 可能没迟到。 §68
be amazed at (by) / be amazed to do sth
Ⅰ. be amazed at / by “对……感到惊讶”。如：
① He is amazed at the news. 他对这个消息感到惊讶。 Ⅱ. be amazed to do sth . “对……做某事感到惊讶”. 如： ① I am amazed to see such a bad accident. 讶。
Ⅲ. amaze sb. “使某人惊讶”如：
① The accident amazed me. 这事故使我很惊讶。 [联想]：amazing 形容词，“令人惊异的、了不起的”
看到这么严重的事故，我感到很惊
amazement 名词。“惊讶”
[注意]：amaze指事件让人大为惊讶，强于surprise; surprise §69
be angry/ get angry
Ⅰ. be / get angry “生某人的气”后面的介词要用with; “因某事而生气”后面的介词要用about / at; be / get angry 后接不定式，这时不定式动词大多为 see 和hear 其不定式同样表生气的原因。 如：
① Miss Liu was / got angry with Li Ping because he was late for school today. 刘老师生李平的气是因为他今天迟到了。
② She was / got angry with my behaviour. ③ What are you angry about ? 你生什么气？
④ My father was angry at what I said. 我爸对我说的很生气。
Ⅱ. get angry 强调变化，强调由不生气变为生气这一过程；be angry 强调状态，表明正在生气这一状态。
His mother got angry with him when he told her what he had done at school.当他告诉他母亲，他在校的行为时，她生气了。 [联想]：类似的有：
be / become interested in. “对……有兴趣” be / get married. “结婚” have / catch a cold “感冒”
be / fall ill “生病” be / fall asleep “入睡、睡着” §70
be good at/ do well in
Ⅰ. be good at / in 意思接近于 do well in. “在（某方面）出色；擅长……”。be good at / in 强调一种笼统情况，而do well in 可表示一种情况，也可指在具体的一次活动中表现出色。
be good at 的反义词组为：be poor (weak) at (in). do well in 的反义词组为：do badly in. 如：
① Mary is good at / in maths. = Mary does well in maths. 玛丽数学很好（指情况）。= 玛丽数学学得很好。
② Tom did well in (不宜用be good at.指具体一次)that English test / sports meeting.汤姆在那次英语考试中（运动会中）考得很好（表现出色）。
③ Wu Dong does badly in his lessons. = Wu Dong is weak / poor / at / in his lessons.吴冬功课不好。（指情况）
④ Mei Ying did badly in the high jump 梅英在跳高比赛中成绩不好。（具体一次，不宜替换。）
⑤ Mei Ying is weak / poor in / at high jump.梅英不善于跳高。（指笼统情况） Ⅱ. do well 和do badly可单独使用，表一种情况；而be good / weak / poor 一定要借助于介词in 或at, 强调在某一个方面，才能表达一个完整的意思。如：
她对我的行为感到生气。
He does well / badly at school. 他在学校里功课很好/很差。 §71
be made of / be made from
Ⅰ. be made of “由……制成/造”成品看得出原料。如： The desk is made of wood. 这张桌子是木头制成的。 Ⅱ. be made from “由……制造/成”成品看不出原料。如； Paper is made from rags.纸是由破布做的。（已看不出原料） §72
be pleased with/ at/ to
马克和他妈妈都有喜
Ⅰ. be pleased with “对……人/物，感到满意”介词with后接人或物。 如： ① Both Mark and her mother were pleased with the girl. 欢这个女孩。
② I wasn’t very pleased with / at my exam results. 我对自己的考试成绩不太满意。 Ⅱ. be pleased at “对……某事/物，感到满意”。介词at 常与事物搭配使用。 He was very pleased at the news.他对这个消息感到很满意。
Ⅲ. be pleased to “乐意……； 因……而高兴”。to 不是介词，而是小品词。后接动词原形。如：
① I shall be pleased to go. 我将乐意去。
② We are quite pleased to be working in this country. 能在这个国家工作，我们是十分高兴的。 §73
be sure of/ be sure to do/ be sure that
Ⅰ.be sure of “确信对……有把握”后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式，表对客观事物有肯定的认识和判断，主语必须是人。如：
① As David joined our team, we are sure of winning the game this time. 由于David参加了我们的球队，我们这次有把握取胜。 ② You may be sure of his honesty. 你可以确信他的诚实。
Ⅱ.be sure to “一定，肯定”，后接不定式，往往表示局外人的推测，评论，主语不一定是人，如：
① It is sure to rain tomorrow. 明天一定会下雨。 ② He is sure to win.他一定会赢的。 ▲ 用于祈使句时作“务必，切切”之意，如： ① Be sure to come tomorrow. 你明天一定要来 ② Be sure to forget it . 千万别忘了。
Ⅲ. be sure that 从句。“认为……一定会”主语必须是人，连词that 可省略。它后面还可以接由wheher, 或where, when, who 等引导名词性从句。这时主句通常是否定式。如： ① He is wure that he will succeed. 他确信会成功
② I am not sure where I left my notebook. 我不能确定我的笔记本丢在什么地方了。
§74
be sure/ make sure
Ⅰ. be sure 指某人对某事或对某种情况有把握，常译为：“确信”；make sure 指“务必、务请、确保”将某事弄清楚。如：
① I am sure that he is honest. 我相信他是诚实的。
② I have made sure that he is honest. 我已了解清楚他是诚实的。 Ⅱ. 二者后面均可接of 或about 引出的短语。如：
① I am sure of success = I am sure that I will succeed. 我深信会成功。
② Will you make sure of his return? = Will you make sure that he returned? 请你查明他是否真的回来了。好吗？
Ⅲ. make sure 后面的that 从句一般不用或很少用将来时； be sure 后面的that从句则可用将来时。如：
① Make sure that you come here before five. 你一定要在5点前来。 ② I am sure that he will come. 我相信他一定会来的。
Ⅳ. 两者后面接不定式，均表示“一定要做某事”，但make sure 通常只用于祈使句；而be sure 则不受限制。如：
①to come to party on time. 一定要准时来参加晚会。 ② He is sure to call you up. 他准会给你打电话的。 §75
be surprised/ in surprise
Ⅰ. be surprised 为“动词+形容词”结构，在句中作谓语，意为：“感到吃惊”. be surprised at 表“对……感到吃惊”
Ⅱ. in surprise为“介词+名词”结构。在句中作状语。意为：“吃惊地”。如： ① She was surprised. 她感到吃惊。
② Everybody was surprised at you. 大家都对你感到吃惊。
③ John turned round and looked at him in surprise. 约翰转过身去，吃惊地看着他。 §76
be used for/ be used as/ be used by
Ⅰ. be used for “（被）用来做……”，强调用途或作用。
Ⅱ. be used as “（被）作为……而用”，强调被当作工具或手段来用。 Ⅲ. be used by “被……使用”，by后跟人物，强调使用者。如： ① Keys are used for opening locks. 钥匙是用来开锁的。 ② “Swim” can be used as a noun. “Swim”可作名词用。
③ Recorders are often used by English teachers. 英语教师经常使用录音机。 ④ Wood can be used for making paper. 木材能用来造纸。 §77
be worth+n/ be worth doing sth
Ⅰ. be worth +n(表“值”“价值”) “……值（钱，等）”。
