Unit 4 Astronomy : the science the stars Ⅰ.写出下列必考单词
1.大气层n. _____________ 2.乘，增加v. _____________ 3．人造卫星n. _____________ 4.不同，不像prep. _____________
5.气候n. _____________ 6.地心引力；重力n. _____________
7.理论n. _____________ 8.碰撞，坠落v. _____________ 9.宇宙飞船n. _____________ 10.拉力，拖，牵引力n.＆v. _____________ 11.基本的，基础的adj. _____________
12.链子，锁链n. _____________ 13.天文学n. _____________ 14.原子n. _____________ Ⅱ.写出下列单词的变化形式
1.系统(n.)_____________；系统的(adj.) _____________
2.球体，地球(n.)_____________；全球性的(adj.) _____________
3.猛烈的(adj.)_____________；暴力(n.) _____________；猛烈地(adv.)_____________ 4.生存(v.)_____________；生存(n.) _____________
5.物理学家(n.)_____________；物理(n.) _____________；身体的(adj.)_____________ 6.生物学(n.)_____________；生物学家(n.) _____________ 7.宗教（n.）_____________；宗教的（adj.）_____________ 8.原子（n.）_____________；原子的（adj.）_____________ ◆活学活用
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.The treatment they gave him did him more___________ than good，though the doctor insisted it was ___________. (harm)
2.Air _____________everywhere and its ____________ makes it possible for us to live on. (exist)
3.He is very _____________.For example，the lifting device he made is a _____________ of ropes and pulleys. (system)
4.A _______tour means traveling all around the ________ . (globe)
5.The use of _____________against the attackers led to more __________ clashes. (violently) 6.She was a _____________woman who wouldn，t hurt an ant. (gently) Ⅲ.翻译下列必背短语
1.及时，终于 _______________
2.下蛋 _______________ 3.高兴,振奋 _______________ 4.产生，分娩 _______________ 5.轮到某人 _______________ 6.爆发 _______________ 7.阻止 _______________ 8.既然 _______________ 9.以……为起点 _______________ 10.四面八方 _______________
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11.冷却 _______________ 12.掌握……的技巧/诀窍 _______________
13.在表面 __________________ 14.密切注视，当心 _______________ ◆活学活用
根据括号中的解释，用适当的短语完成句子。
1.We got to Washington _____________(sufficiently early so as not to be late) for the cherry blossoms. 2.He _____________(filled with gladness，hope) at the thought of seeing his girl friend again. 3.When you _____________ this new machine，it will help you a lot. (know the skill of)
4._____________!(be on one，s guard; keep looking out for possible trouble) There，s a car coming! 5.SARS _____________ in 2002 and quite a few people died of it. (happen suddenly) 6.Marx，s ideas _____________(produce young) communism.
7.Your prompt action _____________(stop or hinder sb./sth.) a serious accident. Ⅳ.单元重点动词
multiply exist prevent puzzle block crash cheer float exhaust watch◆活学活用
用上述动词的适当形式填空。
1._____________very fast，rabbits soon became the largest family of all the animals in this woods. 2._____________ at the _____________ result，he stood there，not knowing what to do 3.There is no need _____________ yourself clearing up—we，ll do it ourselves. 4.Does life _____________ on other planets?
5.Many roads _____________after today，s heavy snow，so you，d better not go out. 6.It was reported that a plane _____________ soon after it took off，causing 10 deaths. Ⅵ.语篇领悟
根据课文How Life began on the Earth完成下列短文 At the very beginning，the earth was just a cloud of
(1) (energy) dust. Then the dust combined (2) a ball moving around the sun. After that，it exploded loudly with fire and rock， (3) (produce) water vapour，carbon dioxide and other gases， (4) in the end made the earth，s atmosphere. Then the earth (5) down，and water，one of the earth，s special (6) ，appeared and stayed on the earth，which made (7) possible for life to begin (8) (develop). Some small plants (9) (grow) in the water appeared on the earth，s surface， (10) (follow) by landanimals, (11) insects，amphibians，reptiles and the (12) important animals called dinosaurs until finally dinosaurs disappeared (13) of a sudden and some small clever animals with hands and feet appeared and spread all (14) the earth and in place of dinosaurs they became (15) most important animals on the planet—that is，human beings. 重点语汇
1.It exploded loudly with fire and rock.(P25) 地球猛烈爆炸起火，并喷涌出岩石。 ◆词语辨析
loud；loudly；aloud
（1）loud可用作形容词、副词，表“大声地”，与sing，speak，talk，cry，laugh连用。 （2）loudly 副词，大声地，暗含“喧闹地”意思，与explode，shout连用。
（3）aloud 副词。意为“出声地”，与read，think连用。如：read aloud(朗读)，think aloud(自言自语) ◆即学即练
用loud；loudly；aloud填空。 （1）Sing _____________，please.
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（2）The bomb exploded _____________ near the hotel.
（3）The kids playing on the playground often laugh ____________ and long.
2.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen，which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.(P26)
他们繁殖起来就使得早期的海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及其各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。 ◆词语归纳
encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做，怂恿某人做 urge sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做，怂恿某人做
urge sb.into doing sth.鼓励某人做，怂恿某人做 ◆即学即练
(1）父亲总是鼓励我学好英语。
_____________________________________ （2）老师鼓励我报名参加演讲比赛。
_____________________________________
3.Before we left，Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey... (P30)
在启程以前，李彦平向我解释说，在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变。 注意下列句中force的意思。
（1）We forced the door open and arrested the two murderers.（强迫,强行） （2）The force of gravity is really mysterious.（力量）
（3）When he was only seventeen，he joined the forces to defend his country.(军队) （4）As most men suffered from this strange disease，the majority of the labour forces in this village were women and children.(劳动力) ◆词语归纳
force open强行打开by force依靠武力force sb.to do sth.迫使……做come into force（法律）实施force sb.into doing sth.迫使……做in force大批的force one，s way 强行前进或进入 force sth.on sb.把……强加于…… ◆即学即练
选用上述词组完成下列小片段。
It was reported that two peasant workers(1)_____ _______(被迫)work 14 hours a day but with little money. One of them couldn，t stand it and one of them(2) ___ __________(强行前进或进入)the boss，s house and killed him. The other(3)_____________（强迫）a bank clerk(4)_____________（hand）in the money. ....I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(P31)
我发现我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍。as far as后省了I was carried,表示“（在飞船上）步子的跨度是在地球上的两倍。” ◆句型归纳
表达倍数的句型最常用的有三个：
（1）A+动词+倍数+比较级+than B A比B 长/宽/高/重……倍。
（2）A+动词+倍数+as+原级+as B A是B的……倍。
（3）A+动词+倍数+the+相应名词+of B A是B的……倍。 温馨提示：
句型（3）中的相应各问指
长、宽、高、深、重、大小等形容词的相应名词。
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如：long—length，wide—width，high—height，deep—depth，weighty—weight，large—size.例如： I，ll pay back twice the amount what I borrow from you.我将还给你我所借你钱的两倍。 ◆即学即练
A.将下列句子译成英语。
(1)地球大概是月亮的四十九倍。
___________________________________ (2)线段A是线段B的两倍。
___________________________________ ◆词语拓展
as far as远达，远至as long as长达(还有 “只要”的意思)as many as多达 as tall as高达as deep as深达as heavy as重达
as/so far as I，m concerned就我而言as/so far as I know据我所知 ◆即学即练
B.选用上述词组完成句子。
（1）John is the tallest boy in the class,_____________ five foot eight according to himself.
（2）After supper she would sit down by the fire，sometimes for _____________an hour，thinking of her young and happy days.
（3）—How far apart do they live?
—_____________，they live in the same neighbourhood.
（4）_____________I know the money is safe，I shall not worry about it. （5）_____________，you can do whatever you like.
5.I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship.(P30) 我高兴起来，由于失重，我在太空船舱里飘来飘去。 注意下列句中cheer的意思。
（1）The good news cheered the family.（使高兴，欢呼,为……喝彩） （2）See you tomorrow，then cheers.（〈口语〉谢谢，干杯，再见） 短语归纳
cheer up 高兴起来，振奋起来
cheer sb. up (使）充满欢喜、希望、鼓舞
（1）Let，s go to the playground and cheer for our players. 咱们去操场为我们的队员加油吧。
（2）Cheer up! Our troubles will soon be over! 振作起来！我们的困难很快就会过去的。 Ⅶ.考点活用
用本单元所学词组、句型翻译下列短文
火星上有生命吗？不知道。 我们能登陆火星吗？这完全取决于科学技术的发展。人类对火星有了一些了解：火星上没有氧气，火星上中午的温度可能在50度左右,而晚上则在零下100度左右了。这样我们就不能在那里生活。 既然火星与地球完全不同，如果我们计划有朝一日去火星的话，我们就要带上氧气，食品，衣服和住的地方（shelter）。但可以肯定，人类迟早会登陆火星的。 相关联系 Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Anything that is dropped falls towards the ground because of the force of ________(引力)． 2．The little child gave a strong________(拉)at the rope but the sheep didn’t move forward at all. 3．The water in the harbor was not deep enough to ________(浮动)such a big ship. 4．He is one of the________(生物学家)who have advanced a new theory of life. 5．The________(气候)of southern Florida attracts thousands of tourists each winter.
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